Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What structures are contained in the hepatoduodenal ligament?
|
bile ducts
hepatic arteries hepatic portal vein lymphatics autonomic nerves |
|
|
Name the mesentaries of the abdomen
|
mesentary of the small intestine (mesentary proper)
transverse mesocolon sigmoid mesocolon mesoappendix |
|
|
What is the function of the mesentery?
|
suspends jejunum and ileum from posterior abdominal wall and transmits nerves and blood vessels to and from the small intestine
|
|
|
What is the root of the mesentery?
|
mesentery that attaches to the posterior abdominal wall from the left upper quadrant to right lower quadrant
extends from duodenojejunal flexure to right iliac fossa and is about 15 cm long contains superior mesenteric and intestinal vessels, nerves, and lymphatics |
|
|
What are the proximal and distal attachments of the external oblique?
|
proximal: external surface ribs 5-12
distal: anterior half of iliac crest; anterior-superior iliac spine; pubic tubercle; linea alba |
|
|
What innervates the external oblique muscle?
|
intercostal nn. (T7-T11)
subcostal n. (T12) |
|
|
What are the actions of the external oblique muscle?
|
compresses abdomen
flexes trunk active in forced expiration |
|
|
What are the proximal and distal attachments of the internal oblique muscle?
|
proximal: lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament; iliac crest; thoracolumbar fascia
distal: lower four costal cartilages (ribs 9-12); linea alba, pubic crest; pectineal line |
|
|
What innervates the internal oblique muscle?
|
intercostal n. (T7-T11)
subcostal n. (T12) iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nn. (L1) |
|
|
What is the function of the internal oblique muscle?
|
compresses abdomen
flexes trunk active in forced expiration |
|
|
What are the proximal and distal attachments of the transversus abdominis muscle?
|
proximal: lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament; iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia; lower six costal cartilages (ribs 7-12)
distal: linea alba, pubic crest; pectineal line |
|
|
What innervates the transversus abdominis muscle?
|
intercostal n. (T7-T11)
subcostal n. (T12) iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nn. (L1) |
|
|
What is the function of the transversus abdominis muscle?
|
compresses abdomen
depresses ribs |
|
|
What are the proximal and distal attachments of the rectus abdominis muscle?
|
proximal: pubic crest and pubic symphysis
distal: xiphoid process and costal cartilages 5-7 |
|
|
What innervates the rectus abdominis muscle?
|
intercostal n. (T7-T11)
subcostal n. (T12) |
|
|
What is the function of the rectus abdominis muscle?
|
depresses ribs
flexes trunk |
|
|
What are the proximal and distal attachments of the pyramidalis muscle?
|
proximal: pubic body
distal: linea alba |
|
|
What innervates the pyramidalis muscle?
|
subcostal n. (T12)
|
|
|
What is the function of the pyramidalis?
|
tenses linea alba
|
|
|
What are the proximal and distal attachments of the cremaster muscle?
|
proximal: middle of inguinal ligament; lower margin of internal oblique muscle
distal: pubic tubercle and crest |
|
|
What innervates the cremaster muscle?
|
genitofemoral n.
|
|
|
What is the function of the cremaster muscle?
|
retracts testis
|
|
|
Which anterior abdominal wall muscle is frequently absent?
|
pyramidalis muscle
|
|
|
What are the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?
|
external oblique
internal oblique transversus abdominis rectus abdominis pyramidal cremaster |
|
|
What are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?
|
quadratus lumborum
psoas major psoas minor |
|
|
What forms the esophageal hiatus?
|
muscular right crus
|
|
|
Where is the aortic hiatus?
|
behind diaphragm so avoids being constricted during contractions
|
|
|
What forms the borders of the inferior lumbar triangle (Petit's triangle)? Why is it significant?
|
iliac crest
external abdominal oblique m. latissimus dorsi site of weakness in abdominal wall so possible area of herniation |
|
|
What are the three openings in the diaphragm and at what vertebral level are they located?
|
vena caval foramen (T8)
esophageal hiatus (T10) aortic hiatus (T12) |
|
|
What does the vena caval foramen house and what does it go through?
|
IVC through central tendon
|
|
|
What does the renal fascia separate?
|
pararenal fat and perirenal fat
|
|
|
What parts of the mediastinum do the esophagus, IVC and aorta go through?
|
IVC through middle
esophagus and aorta through posterior mediastinum |
|
|
Name the nerves of the lumbar plexus
|
subcostal n. (T12)
iliohypogastric n. (T12, L1) ilioinguinal n. (L1) genitofemoral n. (L1, 2) lateral femoral cutaneous n. (L2, 3) femoral n. (L2, 3, 4) obturator n. (L2, 3, 4) |
