• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/57

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

57 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
  • 3rd side (hint)

Pronate

Palm down


Supinate

Palm up

Soup bowl

Caudal

Towards feet


Tissues of Supportive System

CT, cartilage, bone


Fascia

Major loose CT separating muscles, organs conveying nerves & vessels.


Subcutaneous tissue

(Superficial fascia) Immediately deep to the skin. Lots of adipose tissue.


Deep fascia

Deep to subcutaneous.


Fascial planes

Area b/w 2 fascial layers. (Surrounds 2 adjacent muscles)


Bursa

Area b/w fascia covered structures with no interconnecting fibers. Therefore cavity with lubricating fluid

Friction reducing

Ligament

Connects bone to cartilage (or vice versa)


Tendon

Muscle to bone or cartilage


Aponeurosis

Broad flat tendon


Hyaline Cartilage
Covers articular surfaces of bones in freely movable joints. Found in the costal cartilages, nose, bronchi, laryngeal cartilages, most of fetal skeleton. Long bones grow in length via centers of growing hyaline cartilage.

Fibrocartilage
Found in intervertebral discs. Higher fiber density.

Elastic Cartilage
Found in the external ear, auditory tube and some laryngeal cartilages. Rich in elastic fibers.

Bone
Strong due to inorganic salts. Avascular.

Axial Skeleton
Vertebral column, thorax, skull

Appendicular Skeleton
Limbs

Sesamoid Bone
Develops within a tendon. Patella.

Periosteum
The cells on the external surface of bones are in the deeper layer of a dense connective tissue covering.

Epiphyseal Line
Where epiphyseal plate was in growing bone.

Tubercles, tuberosities or trochanters.
Eminences which increase surface area for muscular or ligamentous attachments, lengthen leverarms or serve as pulleys.

Fibrous Joint
(Sutures of the skull). The bones are joined by a small amount of dense connective tissue and little or no motion is allowed.

Cartilaginous Joint
(Intervertebral discs & symphysis pubis). The bones are united by cartilage which allows a slight degree of mobility.

Synovial Joint
A space exists between the highly lubricated cartilage-covered ends of bones. These permit relatively free motion.

Joint Capsule
Surrounds the opposing articular surfaces, forming a closed joint cavity (synovial cavity). The capsule is composed of an outer fibrous layer (capsular ligament) for support, and an inner synovial layer (lubricates).

Flexion
Decreases angle b/w 2 bones.
sagittal plane around a mediolaterally directed transverse axis.
Extension
Increases angle b/w 2 bones
sagittal plane around a mediolaterally directed transverse axis.
Abduction
Moved away from the median plane
Coronal Plane
Adduction
Moved toward the median plane
Coronal Plane
Internal or medial rotation
Turning the anterior aspect of the part inward or medially

External or lateral rotation
Turning the anterior aspect of the part outward or laterally

Origin
The more proximal attachment and functionally "may" be the fixed end when a muscle contracts.

Insertion
The more distal attachment and "may" be the movable end.

Muscle fiber
Long muscle cell. Can contract to half it's length.

Motor Unit
Motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers that it supplies

Parallel muscles
Fibers are parallel with the long axis of the muscle and its tendons. Can shorten a greater percentage of their overall length than pennate muscles. Therefore, they produce a greater ROM, and per unit time a greater velocity of motion.
Designed to produce great range and speed of motion
Pennate muscles
The fibers are obliquely oriented with respect to the long axis of the muscle and attach to the tendons at an angle. In muscles of equal volume the force a pennate muscle can generate is greater than a parallel muscle because the total cross-sectional area of the musclefibers in the pennate exceeds that of the parallel muscle
Better designed for strength.
Synergistic muscles
Aid most motions in that they stabilize other (usually more proximal) joints or neutralize undesirable actions of the prime movers at the joint of interest.

Shortening (isotonic or concentric) contraction
Muscle force exceeds the load (weight of the forearm and hand) causing the entire muscle to shorten and the joint motion to occur.

Static or isometric contraction.
Muscle force just equals the load
The muscle is now producing tension but there is no change in the overall length of the muscle.
Lengthening (eccentric) contraction
Load exceeds the muscle force.
Gravity is prime mover
Ganglion
Cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

Nucleus
Group of nerve cell bodies inside the CNS

Dorsal root ganglion
Swelling where dorsal and ventral roots fuse to form spinal nerve

Dorsal root
Nerve fibers transfer impulses from the periphery to the CNS and are called afferent or sensory fibers.

Ventral root
Most of the fibers conduct impulses away from the CNS and are designated as efferent or motor fibers.

Mixed Nerves
The spinal nerve and all of its branches are mixed nerves, i.e., they contain both motor and sensory fibers

Dorsal rami
Supply the skin of the medial two-thirds of the back from the top of the head to the coccyx, the deep (intrinsic) muscles of the back, the intervertebral facet joints and spinal ligaments posterior to the intervertebral foramen.

Ventral Rami
Supply the rest of the trunk walls, anterolateral neck and limbs. All ventral rami except those from spinal nerves T2 through T11 form plexuses.

Multisegmental peripheral nerves
Nerves emerging from a plexus typically contain fibers from more than one spinal cord segment.

Unisegmental peripheral nerves
Branches of all dorsal rami and of ventral rami T2 through T11 contain fibers from only one spinal cord segment.

Functional component
Each fiber type is called a functional component, the naming of which is based on the direction of conduction (afferent or efferent) and the specific structures innervated.

Somatic
Refers to the body wall and limbs and includes bones, joint structures, muscles, tendons, fasciae and skin.

Visceral
Include the internal organs of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities and smooth muscle and glands anywhere in the body.

General Functional Components
All functional components of spinal nerves are described as general since these functions are widely dispersed throughout the body.

Special Functional Components
Restricted to the cranial nerves and refers to the special senses of the head and to the gill (branchial) arch derived musculature.