Anatomy

Front 1

Also known as frontal sections, divides the nervous system from front and back.

Back 1

Coronal Sectiondivides th

Front 2

Divides the brain from top to bottom.

Back 2

Horizontal/ Axial section

Front 3

Provides side view of the brain structure

Back 3

Sagittal

Front 4

Special section that divides the brain into two equal halves

Back 4

Midsagittal

Front 5

Imaginary line that divides us into approximately equal halves.

Back 5

Midline

Front 6

If two structures are at both at the same side of the midline

Back 6

Ipsilateral

Front 7

If two structures are on opposite sided of the midline

Back 7

Contralateral

Front 8

Structures close to midline

Back 8

Medial

Front 9

Structure on the side of the midline

Back 9

Lateral

Front 10

Close to the center

Back 10

Proximal

Front 11

Away from the center.

Back 11

Distal

Front 12

Layers of membranes that cover CNS and peripheral nerves

Back 12

Meninges

Front 13

"Hard mother" ; outermost and can be found on both CNS and PNS

Back 13

Dura mater

Front 14

Most delicate and looks like a spider's web in cross section.

Back 14

Arachnoid

Front 15

"Pious mother" "primary mother" nutrient gaining

Back 15

Pia mater

Front 16

Subarachnoid space

Back 16

Between the arachnoid and piamater, contains the CSF

Front 17

the three layer of meninges cover the _________ and the ________

Back 17

Brain and spinal cord

Front 18

Infected meninges

Back 18

Meningitis

Front 19

Meningioma

Back 19

Tumors that arise in the tissue of the meninges

Front 20

The cerebrospinal fluid's two main functions are to _________ and __________

Back 20

Circulate and Reabsorb

Front 21

It circulates through the central canal of the spinal cord and four ventricles of the brain.

Back 21

CSF

Front 22

Acts as a cushion when you bump your head

Back 22

CSF

Front 23

Function of the CSF that means going through the spine via the central canal.

Back 23

Circulation/ circulates

Front 24

Function of the CSF that means to go the blood vessels

Back 24

Reabsorb / reabsorption

Front 25

It is located in the subarachnoid

Back 25

CSF

Front 26

Hypo Secretion of CSF

Back 26

Meningitis

Front 27

Hyper Secretion of CSF

Back 27

Hydrocephalous

Front 28

Hollow spaces w/c contains the CSF. 2 on each hemisphere and 2 on the spinal cord.

Back 28

Ventricles

Front 29

Lining of the ventricles w/c secretes the CSF

Back 29

Choroid Plexus

Front 30

Connects ventricles to brainstem

Back 30

Cerebral aqueduct

Front 31

Cerebral aqueduct going down passage, its a small channel in the spinal cord that contains the CSF.

Back 31

Central canal

Front 32

CSF to Blood Vessels

Back 32

ARACHNOID GRANULE

Front 33

Artery from the brain to the side of the neck.

Back 33

Carotid artery

Front 34

Blood vessel that enter the brain from the back of the skull.

Back 34

Vertebral artery

Front 35

A long cylinder of nervous tissue extending from the medulla to the first lumbar vertebra

Back 35

Spinal cord

Front 36

The bones of the spinal column that protects and encloses the spinal cord

Back 36

Vertebral column

Front 37

Spinal nerve : head, neck and arms

Back 37

Cervical nerves

Front 38

Spinal nerve : chest heart and lung, chest muscles.

Back 38

Thoracic nerves

Front 39

Spinal nerves: lower back and legs

Back 39

Lumbar nerves

Front 40

Spinal nerves: legs and genitals

Back 40

Sacral nerves

Front 41

Spinal nerve: Tailbone and contraction of the anus

Back 41

Coccygeal nerve

Front 42

Broadman areas, cytoarchitecture (1-52)

Back 42

Korbinian Broadman

Front 43

Connects hemispheres

Back 43

Corpus Callosum

Front 44

Made up of nerve fibers known as axons covered in myelin.

Back 44

White matter

Front 45

Primarily made up of cell bodies. It absorbs chemicals which causes its stain.

Back 45

Gray matter

Front 46

Horn: for sensory neuron function

Back 46

Dorsal horn

Front 47

Horn: for motor neurons

Back 47

Ventral horn

Front 48

"Kulubot sa brain" represents the electrical transmission of the nerve fibers.

Back 48

Convolution

Front 49

"Mini brain"

Back 49

Cerebellum

Front 50

Has the same functions as the cerebral cortex, for learning; motor control, emotions, language and memory.

Back 50

Cerebellum

Front 51

"lizard brain" ; consists of medulla and pons and functions for basic life support

Back 51

Brain stem

Front 52

Contains the gyri and sulci

Back 52

Cerebral cortex

Front 53

The shock absorption system

Back 53

Ventricles

Front 54

Eye movements

Back 54

Midbrain

Front 55

Relay station and monitors ascending and descending sense. Mass intermedia covered by lamina

Back 55

Thalamus

Front 56

Hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Back 56

Inferior to the thalamus, basic needs; hunger and sexual desire

Front 57

Basal ganglia

Back 57

Learning , emotion and control of movement

Front 58

"Sea horse" for memory

Back 58

Hippocampus

Front 59

Involved in anger, aggression, and fear. regulates information.

Back 59

Amygdala

Front 60

A fold of cortical tissue on the inner surface of the cerebral hemispheres. Evolved class of nerve cells known as VON ECONOMO neurons

Back 60

Cingulate cortex

Front 61

Anterior of thalamus and hypothalamus

Back 61

Septal area

Front 62

What movement? right eye to left hemisphere

Back 62

Contralateral

Front 63

What movement? Left eye to left hemisphere

Back 63

Ipsilateral

Front 64

Prosebcephalon is composed of?

Back 64

Telencephalon and diencephalon

Front 65

Prosencephalon is called

Back 65

Forebrain

Front 66

Mesencephalon is divided into?

Back 66

Mesencephalon

Front 67

Mesencephalon is also called?

Back 67

Midbrain

Front 68

Rhombencephalon is divided into?

Back 68

Metencephalon and Myencephalon

Front 69

Rhombencephalon is also called?

Back 69

Hindbrain

Front 70

Gradual swelling of tissue above the cervical spinal cord

Back 70

Myencephalon ( medulla)

Front 71

Myencephalon is also called?

Back 71

Medulla

Front 72

Mid brain stem, regulates sleep and arousal and contains the reticular activation system.

Back 72

Reticular formation

Front 73

Metencephalon is divided into?

Back 73

Pons and cerebellum

Front 74

Bulge, bridge for medulla and higher brain centers. Its is also for the ascending and descending tracts of the reticular formation

Back 74

Pons

Front 75

A nucleus found in the pons that receives info about the sound from the inner ear

Back 75

Cochlear nucleus

Front 76

A group of cell bodies in the pons that receive info about the location and movement of the head from sensory structures in the inner ear

Back 76

Vestibular nucleus

Front 77

Locatory term wc is in the dorsal surface of the brain. Consists of colliculi

Back 77

Tectum

Front 78

Colliculi for auditory function

Back 78

Inferior

Front 79

Colliculi for visual function

Back 79

Superior

Front 80

Locatory term wc is ventral

Back 80

Tegmentum

Front 81

Mediate the analgesic effects of opiate drugs. Pain reducing

Back 81

Periaqueductual gray

Front 82

In the reticular formation, it is for sensorimotor (spinal and cerebellum) and a part of tegmentum

Back 82

Red nucleus

Front 83

Black substance for sensorimotor wc is closely connected to the basal ganglia of the forebrain

Back 83

Substantia nigra

Front 84

1st to develop in the fetal stages

Back 84

Forebrain

Front 85

Largest division covered by the cerebral cortex

Back 85

Forebrain

Front 86

Inferior to thalamus and composed of optic chiasm and mammillary body

Back 86

Hypothalamus

Front 87

vision junction of the optic nerves

Back 87

Optic chiasm

Front 88

Structure extending from the ventral surface of the brain that processes the sense of SMELL

Back 88

Olfactory bulb

Front 89

Releases hormones

Back 89

Pituitary gland

Front 90

Fiber pathway connecting mammillary body and hippocampus

Back 90

Fornix

Front 91

Inferior to hypothalamus and are a pair of hypothalamic nuclei

Back 91

Mammillary body

Front 92

Large sulcus

Back 92

Fissures

Front 93

Contains the bulk of the symmetrical left and right cerebral hemispheres

Back 93

Telencephalon

Front 94

Necessary for speech production.

Back 94

Broca's area

Front 95

Most rostral lobe

Back 95

Frontal lobe

Front 96

Important structure of frontal lobe: for top and side of frontal lobe

Back 96

Dorsolateral prefontal cortex

Front 97

Important structure of frontal lobe: above and behind the eyes

Back 97

Orbitofrontal cortex

Front 98

Separated frontal and parietal lobe. It is the caudal boundary of the frontal lobe

Back 98

Central sulcus

Front 99

3 answers!!! : One of the nuclei contained in the basal ganglia

Back 99

Putamen, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus

Front 100

A small nucleus located ventral to the thalamus that is part of the basal ganglia

Back 100

Subthalamic nucleus

Front 101

Node of ranvier

Back 101

Part of the axon wo myelin sheath cover

Front 102

Major fissure dividing the 2 cerebral hemispheres

Back 102

Longitudinal fissure

Front 103

Area of the cortex that is devoted to the processing of sensory information

Back 103

Sensory cortex

Front 104

PNS: consist of the cranial and spinal nerves

Back 104

Somatic nervous system

Front 105

PNS. Controls the actions of many glands and organs

Back 105

Autonomic nervous system

Front 106

3 cranial nerves for sensory information

Back 106

Olfactory, optic and auditory (vestibulocochlear)

Front 107

Cranial nerve for smell

Back 107

Olfactory

Front 108

Cranial nerve for vision

Back 108

Optic

Front 109

Cranial nerve for auditory

Back 109

Vesitbulocochlear / auditory

Front 110

3 Cranial nerves for muscles of the eyes

Back 110

Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens

Front 111

Cranial nerve for muscles of the neck

Back 111

accessory nerves / spinal accessory nerve

Front 112

Cranial nerve for chewing, provide feedback and facial expression

Back 112

Trigeminal nerve

Front 113

Cranial nerve for facial expression and sensory for taste

Back 113

Facial nerve

Front 114

Sensory and motor functions of the throat

Back 114

Glossopharyngeal

Front 115

Cranial nerve for providing input and receiving sensation from the heart, liver and digestive tract.

Back 115

Vagus nerve

Front 116

Each spinal nerve with afferent and efferent nerves

Back 116

Mixed nerve

Front 117

Contains the cell bodies of the afferent nerves that process information about touch, temperature and other body senses from the periphery

Back 117

Spinal ganglion

Front 118

Cells and fibers that pass to tissues other that the skeletal muscle

Back 118

Autonomic nervous systemm

Front 119

A set of techniques that enable people to control typically unconscious or involuntary functions such as blood pressure

Back 119

Biofeedback

Front 120

Fight or flight (and it also coordinates arousal)

Back 120

sympathetic

Front 121

After sympathetic, it restores body functions and energy storage for rest

Back 121

Parasympathetic

Front 122

A string of cell bodies outside the spinal cord that receives inout from the sympathetic neurons in the CNS and that communicate with target organs

Back 122

Sympathetic chain

Front 123

Carry sensory and motor info between the brain regions of the head and neck

Back 123

Cranial nerves

Front 124

Carry sensory and motor info between the spinal cord and the remainder of the body

Back 124

Spinal nerves

Front 125

Provides input to the glands and organs

Back 125

ANS

Front 126

The process by wc favorable traits would become more common and unfavorable traits would become less common in subsequent generations due to differences among organisms in their ability to reproduce successfully

Back 126

Natural selection

Front 127

Proposed natural selection

Back 127

Charles darwin

Front 128

Connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle

Back 128

Interventricular foramen

Front 129

The ability of an organism with one genetic make up to reproduce more successfully than organisms with other types of genetic make up

Back 129

fitness

Front 130

The phylum of animals that possess true brains and spinal cords also known as vertebrates

Back 130

Chordates

Front 131

A primate in the family homonidae, of wc homosapiens is the only surviving member

Back 131

Hominid

Front 132

The species of modern humans

Back 132

Homo sapiens

Front 133

Controls all actions and processes of the body

Back 133

Nervous system

Front 134

Comprises of hollow structured in the brain that are connected to the central canal to the spinal cord

Back 134

Ventricular canal