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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Blood vessels
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Carry blood to and from the heart
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Arterioles
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Type of blood vessel, smallest >100mm, *responsible for blood pressure maintenance
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Sinusoids
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Type of blood vessel, dilated capillaries, lined by endothelial cells, IRREGULAR LUMEN e.g. liver, spleen, bone marrow
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Cavernous Tissue
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Type of blood vessel, same as sinusoid but lined with smooth muscle
e.g. erectile tissue of penis, clitoris |
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Veins
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thin muscular tubes that bring blood back to the heart
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What type of blood to veins contain?
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ALL veins contain DEOXYGENATED blood EXCEPT 1) Pulminary 2) Umbilical
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Types of veins/where they run
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1)SF vein-SF fascia
2)Deep vein-mostly vena comitantes-run along deep arteries |
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Portal System of Veins
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*consists of blood vessels that connect two sets of capillaries at their two ends
EX: liver, pituitary gland |
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Paravertebral System of Veins
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*drains blood from vertebral system
*Root of breast, prostate, lung cancer are metastasized here |
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Anastmosis
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Communication between neighboring blood vessels
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Collateral Circulation
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The blood flowing through anastmosis
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Interarterial Anastmosis-Potential
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Collateral circulation is NOT established immediately...this can cause loss of function of that organ *Present in heart-coronary artery
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End arteries
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No anastmosis e.g. central artery of retina gets blocked-will result in blindness
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Vasa Vorum
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Minute blood vessels which supply blood vessels
Inner 1/2 diffusion Outer 1/2 |
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Joints
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Articulation between 2 or more rigid components
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Fibrous Joints
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*No movement permissable*
a) Sutures-united by little amount of fibrous tissue-wavy margin e.g. joints of skull |
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Cartilaginous Joints
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*Restricted movement*
a) Secondary- fibrous tissue between hyaline cartilage -found in midline of body e.g. intervertebral joints, symphysis pubis |
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Synovial Joints
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*Free movement*
1) Saddle-opposing surfaces are concavo covex like a saddle-ext/flex/ab/ad/rotat e.g. cartometacarpal, sternoclavicular |
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Compact Bone- Spongy bone-
Sesamoid- Pneumatic- Heterotopic- |
Long B's, Short B's/end of LB's, Lacks periostium, Air containing bones, usually absent
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Where does Ephiphyses develop from?
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The Secondary Center
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What part of the developing long bone is most prone to infection?
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Metaphysis-most prone for infection & cancer cells/bacteria deposit here
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What are 3 types of epiphyses?
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Atavistic, Pressure, Traction
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Traction Epiphyses
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Develops due to pull of muscle
e.g. greater trochanter of tibia |
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Pressure Epiphyses
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Transmit body weight from bone to bone
e.g. condyle of tibia |
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Atavistic Epiphyses
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Separate bone in lower animal but during evolution gets fused w neighboring bone
E.G. CORACOID PROCESS OF SCAPULA |
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Coverings of bone-
Coverings of cartilage- |
Bone-periosteum
Cartilage-perichondrium |
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What is the structural unit of a muscle?
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Muscle fiber
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Endomysium
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Connective tissue covering individual muscle fiber
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Perimysium
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Connective tissue sheath covering group of muscle fibers
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Epimysium
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Connective tissue sheath covering entire muscle
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What is a muscle?
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Contractile tissue that brings about movement - 1)skeletal 2)cardiac 3)smooth - attaches to bone, cartilage, any other structure -belly/fibrous tendon
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Prime mover/Agonist
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Group of muscles that bring about desired movement
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Antagonist
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Muscle that opposes prime mover to enable smooth movement
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Fixator
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"Fixes"/steadys proximal joint to allow movement at distal end
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Synergist
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Prevents unwanted movement at intermediate joint by stabilizing it
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