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144 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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branch of medicine concerned with structure, functions, diseases and pathology of stomach and intestines
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gastroenterology
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primary function of digestive system
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breakdown and absorption of nutrients
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2 categories of organs that make up the digestive system
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gastrointestinal tract (digestive organs)
accessory digestive organs |
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the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, sm intestine and lg intestine make up what portion of digestive system
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digestive organs (gastrointestinal tract)
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teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas
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accessory digestive organs
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6 main functions of digestive system
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ingestion
digestion propulsion secretion absorption elimination |
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function of digestive involves intro of solid and liquid nutrients in oral cavity
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ingestion
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function of digestive involves breakdown of large food items into smaller structures and molecules
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digestion
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aspect of digestion involves break down of ingested material into smaller pieces of the same material
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mechanical digestion
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aspect of digestion involves break down of molecules into their component parts
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chemical digestion
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medical term for chewing
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mastication
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process of muscular contraction that forms ripples along part of the GI tract and causes material to move futher along the tract
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peristalsis
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churning and mixing of mofement that occurs in the small intestine
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segmentation
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process of producing and releasing fluid products such as acid, bile, digestive enzymes and mucin
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secretion
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passive/active transport of electrolytes, digestion products, vitamins and water across the GI tract epithelium and into GI tract blood and lymphatic vessels
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absorption
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all undigestable materials as well as waste products secreted by accessory organs into the GI tract and discharged through the anus
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feces
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process of elimination by the digestive system
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defecation
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anatomical term for mouth
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oral cavity
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type of tissue lines oral cavity
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non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
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muscle lies within the cheek
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buccinator
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anterior termination of the cheeks
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lips
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anatomical term for the gums
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gingivae
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thin folds of mucosa on the midline attach the lips to the gums
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labial frenula
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forms roof of the mouth
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palate
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2 portions of the palate
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hard and soft palate
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bones form the hard palate
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maxillae
palatine bones |
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conical, median projection of the soft palate
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uvula
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opening btwn oral cavity and oropharynx
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fauces
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anterior and posterior boundaries of the opening btwn oral cavity and oropharynx
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glossopalatine arch-anterior
pharyngopalatine arch |
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accessory organ of digestive lies on floor of oral cavity composed largely of skeletal muscle covered with stratified squamous epithelium
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tongue
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thin, vertical mucous membrane attaches the floor of the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity
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lingual frenulum
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how many pairs of multicellular salivary glands are there
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3
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salivary glands loc anterior and inferior to the ear and partially cover the masseter
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parotid salivary glands
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structure drains the largest salivary glands
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parotid ducts
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where does the parotid gland enter oral cavity
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near the 2nd upper molar
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salivary glands lie inferior to the bodey of the mandible
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submandibular salivary glands
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structure drains the salivary glands lying inferior to the body of the mandible
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submandibular ducts
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where do the ducts of the submandibular glands enter the oral cavity/
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lateral to the lingual frenulum
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salivary glands named for their position inferior to the tongue
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sublingual salivary glands
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part of tooth exposed and covered with enamel
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crown
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part of a tooth lies within the gums
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neck
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part of tooth lies within the bone of the jaw
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root
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sockets that hold roots of teeth
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dental alveoli
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processes of what bones hold the teeth
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alveolar processes
-maxillae and mandible |
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forms primary mass of tooth
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dentin
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material covers crown of tooth
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enamel
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space lies within the center of a tooth
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pulp cavity
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fills space within a tooth
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pulp-connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves
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passage within a tooth opens into the connective tissue surrounding root and is continuous with the pulp cavity
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root canal
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opening btwn root canal of a tooth and the surrounding conn tissue
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apical foramen
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surface of a tooth closes to the midline
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mesial surface
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surface of a tooth farthest from the midline
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distal surface
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surface of a tooth adjacent to the internal surface of the cheek
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buccal surface
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surface of a tooth adjacent to the internal surface of the lip
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labial surface
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surface of a tooth faces the tongue
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lingual surface
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surface of a tooth where the teeth from the opposing superior and inferior arches meet
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occlusal surface
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set of teeth erupt btw 6 months and 30 months after birth and are eventually lost
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deciduous teeth
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set of teeth begin appearing at about six years of age and remain through the lifetime of an individual
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permanent teeth
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how many deciduous teeth are there
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20
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how many permanent teth
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32
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chisel-shaped teeth have only one root
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incisors
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teeth have a pointed tip for puncturing and tearing
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canines
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teeth have flat crowns with prominent ridges and may have one or two roots
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premolars
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teeth are thickest, have large, broad, flat crowns with distinctive cusps and three or more roots
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molars
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3 pairs of skeletal muscles form the wall of the pharynx and take part in swallowing
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pharyngeal muscles
-superior, middle, inferior |
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membrane liens abdominopelvic cavity
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serous membranes
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part of membrane lining abdominopelvic cavity adheres to the wall
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parietal peritoneum
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part of membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity adheres to the surface of the internal organs
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visceral peritoneum
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potential space btwn layers of the lining of the abdominopelvic cavity
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peritoneal cavity
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term describes abdominopelvic organs completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum
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intraperitoneal
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describes abdominopelvic organs that typically lie agains tthe post abdominal wall and have only their anterior aspects covered with peritoneum
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retroperitoneal
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double-layered folds of peritoneum that support and stabilize the intraperitoneal GI tract organs
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mesenteries
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extension of peritoneum extends inferiorly like an apron from the greater curvature of the stomach and covers most of the abdominal organs
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greater omentum
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extension of peritoneum extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal end of the duodenum to the liver
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lesser omentum
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fan shaped fold of peritoneum suspends most of the sm intestine from the internal surface of the posterior abdominal wall
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mesentery proper
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fold of peritoneum attaches parts of the lg intestine to the internal surface of post abdominal wall
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mesocolon
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type of mesentery attaches one organ to another organ or attaches an organ to the anterior or lateral abdominal wall
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peritoneal ligament
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fold of peritoneum attaches the liver to the anterior internal abdominal wall
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falciform ligament
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layer of tissue lines lumen of GI tract
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mucosa
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layer of GI tract is higly vascular, holds mucin-secreting glands, and houses an extensive nerve plexus
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submucosa
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layer of GI tract typically contains 2 layers of muscle
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muscularis
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outer most tunic of the GI tract may be either of what two structures
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adventita-retroperitoneal organs
serosa-inraperitoneal organs |
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branches of what 3 arteries supply abdominal GI tract
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celiac trunk
superior and inferior mesenteric arteries |
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in sm intestine, each villus usually contains a single blind-ended central lymphatic capillary, what is the anatomical term for this lymphatic capillary
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lacteal
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3 autonomic plexuses associated with the GI tract
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celiac
superior and inferior mesenteric |
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tubular organ extending from the pharynx to the stomach
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esophagus
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esophagus passes through what opening in the diaphragm
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esophageal hiatus
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esophagus lies immediately anterior to what structures
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vertebral bodies
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2 sphincters assoc with esophagus
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superior esophageal sphincter (pharyngoesophageal)
inferior esophageal sphincter (esophagealgastric/cardiac) |
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stomach location
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LUQ
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region of stomach attached to the esophagus
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cardia
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dome-shaped region of the stomach
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fundus (lt side)
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largest region of the stomach
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body
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region of stomach funnel-shaped and attached to duodenum
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pylorus
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circular muscle of stomach regulates material entering the sm intestine
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pyloric sphincter
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inferior convex border of stomach
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greater curvature
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superior concave border of stomach
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lesser curvature
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internal folds of the stomach
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gastric folds (rugae)
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another term for the sm intestine
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small bowel
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first segment of the sm intestine
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duodenum
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bile and pancreatic juice enter the sm intestine through what structure
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(major) duodenal papilla
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second segment of sm intestine
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jejunum
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3rd segment of sm intestine
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ileum
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circular muscle controls flow of material from sm intestine to the lg intestine
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ileocecal valve
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synonym for lg intestine
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large bowel
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first region of the lg intestine
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cecum
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location of 1st region of lg intestine
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RLQ
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thin, hollow, fingerlike sac lined by lymphocyte-filled lymphatic nodules is attached to the 1st region of lg intestine
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vermiform appendix
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segment of lg intestine extends from the ileocecal valve superiorly along rt lateral border of abdominal cavity
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ascending colon
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bend in colon occurs near the inferior surface of the liver
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right colic (hepatic) flexure
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segment of lg intestine projects horizontally across the anterior region of the abdominal cavity
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transverse colon
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bend in the colon occurs near the spleen
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left colic (splenic) flexure
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segment of lg intestine lies along lf side of abdominal cavity
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descending colon
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segment of lg intestine is s-shaped and turns inferomedially into the pelvic cavity
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sigmoid colon
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segment of large intestine is straight and lies on the post wall of the true pelvis
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rectum
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terminal section of lg intestine
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anal canal
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2 circular muscles regulate the passage of feces from anal canal
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internal and external anal sphincters
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posterior opening of the alimentary canal
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anus
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3 thin distinct longitudinal bundles of smooth muscle on the exterior of the lg intestine
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teniae coli
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many pouches that lg intestine is divided into
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haustra
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lobules of fat hanging off the external surface of the lg intestine
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epiploic appendages
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liver location
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URQ
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How many lobes make up the liver
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4
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2 major lobes of the liver
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R&L lobes
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separates 2 major lobes of liver
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falciform ligament
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remnant of the fetal umbilical vein is assoc with liver
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ligamentum teres (round ligament)
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2 minor lobes of liver
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caudate and quadrate
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lobe of liver lies adjeacent to inferior vena cava
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caudate
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lobe of kliver adjacent to gallbladder
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quadrate
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area where blood and lymphatic vessels, bile ducts, and nerves enter the liver
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porta hepatis
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saclike organ attached to the inferior surface of the liver
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gallbladder
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structure fills and drains the gallbladder
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cystic duct
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retroperitoneal organ has both exocrine and endocrine functions and extends horizontally from the edge of the duodenum toward the left side abdominal cavity, touching the spleen
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pancreas
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portion of pancreas lies in the curvature of the duodenum
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head
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central, elongated portion of pancreas extending toward the lt lateral abdominal wall
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body
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portion of pancreas approaches spleen
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tail
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structure within the pancreas drains pancreatic juice and bicarbonate to the duodenum
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(main) pancreatic duct
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system of ducts carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum
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biliary apparatus
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structures drain biel from lt and rt lobes of liver
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l and r hepatic ducts
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structures draining rt and lt lobes of the liver merge to form what structure
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common hepatic duct
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structure carries bile to and from the gallbladder
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cystic duct
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union of cystic duct and common hepatic duct forms what structure
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common bile duct
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enlargement int he posterior abdominal wall where the common bile duct and pancreatic duct merge
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hepatopancreatic ampulla
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bile and pancreatic juice enter the duodenum via what structure
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(major) duodenal papilla
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