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140 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Muscle types
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skeletol---sensory controlled/stryated
smoothe...automatic control, the digestive system cardiac heart muscle, semi straiated, no conscious control, automatic |
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Isometric
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tension in muscle, muscle does not shorten, no movement
does not exceed resistence |
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Isotonic
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with movement, tension produced exceeds resistance, shortens, movement
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concentric
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tension in muscle, muscle shortens
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Eccentric
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lengthening of muslce with tension (resisting gravity)
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Hypertrophy
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Growth in muscle size, you do not get more muscle but the fibers get larger
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Atrophy
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muscle gets smaller, decrease in orgenelles that go to muscles
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Prime mover/antagonist
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cheif muscle responsable for a movement/wants to the oppose movement
bicep..flexes elbow...tricep extends |
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levers
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1st teetertotter 2nd whellbaroow and 3rd class most common in body
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strength
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muscle at its resting length more capable of creating greater amont of fource
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angle of insertion
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angle muscles attaches to bone,angle in which muscle attaches to bone
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Origin
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more proximal/superior attachment...usually has muscle pull towards it
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Trapexius
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o:occiptial bone I:clavical/scapula
top/ rotates shoulder upward and elevates middle/abducts (punches) retracts lowe/depresses |
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Rhomboid
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o:vertebray
I:Medial boarder scapula retracts and downward rotation |
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serratus anterior
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O:ribs
I:scapula abducting (bringing arm around to front) upward rotation important in pushup, keeps scapula to ribcage |
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Levator scapulae
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O:cervical spine
I:Scapula turn neck side to side elevates scapula,downward rotation (adducts/abducts) |
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Pectoralis Minor
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O:rids
I:scapula aducts scapula around to the front (protraction picking up a suitcase). rotates shoulders downward (depresses) |
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Deltoid
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O:Scapula/clavical
I:deltoid tuberocity posterior/spino..latery rotates and extends middle/acormial..abducts Anterior/clavial...medial rotates and flexes |
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Pectoralis Major
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O:sternum,ribs,clavical
I:humerous medialy rotates,adducts,PRIME flexor |
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Latissimus Dorsi
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O:vertebray/sacrum/illiac crest
I:humerous Prime extendor of the arm, adducts,medialy rotates |
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Supraspinatous
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O:supraspinatous fossa
I:humerous abducts, elevates arm |
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Infraspinatous
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O:infraspinatous fossa
I:humerous adducts and lateraly rotates arm (reninforces capsul) |
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Teres Minor
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O:Lateral boarder of the scapula
I:humerous adduct and lateraly rotate arm (reinforces) |
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Subscapularis
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O:subscapularis fossa
I:humerous medialy rotates arm (reinforces) |
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Biceps brachii
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O:scapula (gleno and coracoid)
I:Radious flexes elbow, helps to supernate through unravelling tendon |
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Triceps Brachii
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O:long head behind shoulder other 2 on humerous
I:Ulna extends the shoulder (long head) extends elbow, adducts |
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Corocobrachialis
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O:scapula
I:humerous flexes shoulder, adducts |
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Brachialis
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O;humerous
I:ulna PRIMARY flexes elbow |
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Brichioradialis
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O:humerous
I:radious flexes the elbow |
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Pronator Teres
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O:medial epicondyle/ulna
I:radious |
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pronator teres
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O:medial epi/ulna
I:radious pronates |
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Supinator
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O:Later epi/ulna
I:radious supernates syengisticly with the biceps |
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Brachioradialis
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O:humerous
I:styloid process of radious flexes elbow and semipronates (handshake) |
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Retenaculum
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band of connective tissue that keeps tendons in place. runs from medial to lateral carpral bones and inbetween and forms the carprel tunnel
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Synovial Sheaths
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tendons run in it, slippy thin, smoothe lubriacted.
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flexor Carpri Radialis
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O:med Ep
I:based of MC 2 and 3 flexes write and abducts hand |
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Palmaris Longus
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O:med Ep
I:Felexor retinaculem weak wrist flexor |
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Flexor Carpri ulnaris
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O:med Ep
I:pisoform flexes writs and adducts hand |
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Flexor digitorum Superficialis
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O:Med Ep/ulna
I:middle phalanges 2-5 flexes wrist, flexes fingers to middle (not end) splits |
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Flexor Polisis longus
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O:Radious
I:end of thumb flexes wrist and thumb |
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Flexor Digitorum Profundes
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O:ulna
I: end of phalanges 2-5 flexes fingers to end, flexes wrist |
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Pronator Quatras
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O/I 1/4 radious 1/4 ulna
Pronates forearm most important pronator |
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Extensor capri radialis longus
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O:just above lat ep
I:base of metecarple 2 extends wrist, abducts hand |
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Extensor Carpri Radialis Brevis
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O:lateral ep
I:Base MC 3 extends wrist, abducts hand |
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Extensor Digitorum Communis
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O: Lateral Ep
I:2-5 phalanges extend wrist/extend fingers forms dorsal expanstion |
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Extensor Carpi ulnaris
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O:Lat Ep
I:Base of mC 5 extends wrist, adducts hand |
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Extensor Polisis Longus
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O:ulna
I:end of thumb extends thumb/weak wrist extend..points thumb up |
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Abductor Polisis longus
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O:radious/ulna
I:base MC thumb abducts thumb |
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Thenar muscles
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3-thumb
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Hypothenar muscles
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base of little finger
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interossei
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7 3 palmer adduct
4 dorsal abduct |
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lumbricals
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allow you to flex knuckle with fingers straight
flxor digitorum profundes tendon |
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spinal extendors
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run parelle to spinal colum
extend the back..allowing you to straighten out long muscles |
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Diapharagm
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attches to circumfrence of ribcage
domed shaped outside muscle fiber, inside tendon wholes:esphogus and venus return |
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Internal intercostal
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run upward and inward
depresses ribcage in forced exhilation |
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external Intercostals
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downward and inward
lifts ribcage for breathing |
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sternoclomastoid
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O:mastoid
I:clavical/scapula allows you to turn head from side to side |
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external abdominal oblique
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ribs...illium,apnerosis
downward and inward flexes trunk,compresses abdominal wall, (lat flex) |
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Ignual ligament
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formed by external oblques apnersis..runs from illuim to pubis
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Internal abdominal oblique
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O:illum
I:ignual ligament deep to external. upward and inward at near 90 degree angle flexes trunk, compresses abdominal wall (lat flex) |
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Transverse abdominis
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O:crest of illium
I:ignual ligament deep to internal oblique, runs in a transverse direction flexes trunk, helps you compress abdominal wall, (deffication) (lat flex) |
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Rectus Abdominalis
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O:Sternum
I:pubis cut into 4 by tendon flexes trunk, same deapth as interal oblique compresses abdominal wall |
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psoas major
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O:vertabal collum
I:fermur (top) flexes hip, lateraly rotates |
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iliacus
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O:illium
I:top of femur hip flexor, lateral rotator |
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Rectus Femoris
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O:illium
I:patella, tibia hip flexor, extends knee |
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Pectineus
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O:pubis
I:femur (midtop) flexes the hip, adducts hip |
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adductor longus
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O:pubis
I:femur (mid) adducts hip, felxes hip |
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adductor brevis
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O:pubis
I:femur adducts theigh (hip flexes) |
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Adductor magnus
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o:pubis
I:large part of femur anterior:flexes hip posterior:extends and adducts *antagonist and prime mover |
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Gracilis
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O:pubis
I:tibia flexes hip/adducts hip flexes knee |
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Sartorious
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O:illium
I:medial tibia flexes and lateral rotates hip flexes and medialy rotates knee crossed legged |
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gluteous maximus
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O:gluteal surface of illum
I:illiotibial band Cheif extensor of hip lateral rotator jumping,walking up stairs |
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Gluteous medius
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O:gluiteal surface
I:femur medial rotator abductor |
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Gluteous minimus
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O:illium
I:femus medial rotator abductor |
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Lateral rotators
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6 of them
saccrum to femur turn hip outward |
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Hamstring: Beceps femoris
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O:ischium/femus
I:Fibual extends the theigh(long) flexes and lateral rotates knee |
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Hamstring: Semimembernosis
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O:Ischium
I:Tibia extends hip flexes and medialy rotates knee deep to tendernosis |
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hamstring: Semitendernosis
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O:ischium
I:tibia Extends hip flexes/medialy rotates knee |
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Popliteues
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O:lateral epi Femus
I:Tibia moves tibia medialy to unlock knee flexes knee screwwhole mechinism, mainting upright postion without much contraction "lock" |
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Gastrocnemious
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O:later and Medial Condyle femur
I:calcanious (ikillies tendon) Plantar flexes ankel flexes knee |
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Plantaris
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O:condye on femur
I:calcaneous flexes knee,plantar flexes |
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What 4 muscles form the quadrocept group?
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vastas medialis
vastas lateralis vastas intermedialis rectus femoris |
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Vastas lateralis
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O:lateral side of femur
I:Patella/tibia extends knee |
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Vastas medialis
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O:meidal side femur
I:patella/tibia extends knee |
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Vastas intermedialis
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O:femur
I:tiba/patella extends knee |
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tibialis anterior
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O:tibia
I:1st metetarsal (big toe) dorsal flexes/inverts |
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extensor digitorum longus
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O:tibia and interosci
I:fans out to 2-5 extends toes dorsiflex |
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Extensor hallcisis longus
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O:fibual and membrane
I:end of big toe extends bid toe dorsiflexes |
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Soleous
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O:fibula/tibia
I:calcaneous (ikillies) plantar flexes |
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Tibialis posterior
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(beind med maleolous)
O:tibia/fibula I:navacular bone planter flex inverstion |
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Flexor digirtorum longus
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(under med mal)
O:Tibia I:fans out to 2-5 toes flexes toes,plantar flexes |
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Flexor hallicus longus
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(under med mal)
O:fibula/tibia I:big toe flexes big toe plantar flex important in locomotion dont drag toes |
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Proneus longus
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(behing lat mal)
O:fibula I:1st metetarsal plantar flexton Everstion |
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Peroneous brevis
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(behind lat mal)
O:Fibula I:5th metarsal (lil toe) deep to longus Plantar flex Everstion |
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Intrinsic foot muscles
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group around big toe
group around little toe interocsii muscles adduct and abduct toes |
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Parellel Shift
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Short distance runner
flex/streach streach/flex low efficiany |
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Non parellel shift
passive insufficiency active |
1--long dis runner
flex flex streach streach high efficiancy passive...streached till it cant streach anymore active...flexed till cant flex anymore |
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heart
meaintain fluid balance transportation body temp |
maintains intersitial fluid around cells with content and volume (waste and nutrients)
transports waste/o2/drugs to differnt parts of the body(insulen from pancreas to cells) |
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Location of the heart in thorax
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Medioastinum
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Heart layers...
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1)periocradial sac
2)Parietal..fiberous (thick connective tissue) and Serous (thin) 3)periocardial cavity (space betwen allows for non friction) 4)Viseral periocradium (lines the heart itself) 5)Myocarium (heart muscle) 6)endocardium (lines the inside of the heart's cavities) |
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Openings into to right atrium
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Superior vena cava ...venus blood from upper limbs
Inferior vena cava..venus blood from below the heart Coronary sinus opening..venus blood from the heart (opens on back side of heart) |
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systemic system vs Palmonary
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sys ...red
pulmanary.. blue |
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Septums
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devide seperate chambers
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Fossa Ovals
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shallow depression in right and left atriums, reminants of fetal circulation
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Right ventrical 3 parts
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Tricusped Atroventrical valve (chambers)
chordenae tendinea and pappilary muslc |
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chordenae tendinea and pappilary muslc
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strings attached on the cusps of the valvues
pappilary mucles contract to make sure the valves don't go up into the atrium |
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pulmanary artery
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2 take blood from the heart back to lungs for gas exhange from the right ventrical
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palmanary semilunar vlave
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blood fron the right ventrical passes through it to the palmanary artieries
3 pockets seal blood from getting back in |
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interventrical septum
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devides the 2 ventricals
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name the parts of the (right and) left ventrical
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pulmanry viens (4) from the lungs go into the left atrium
they them pass through the left bicusped atrioventrical valve (with cord ten/pap muslces) into the left ventrical where they are pushed throught the arotic semilunar valuve wich has openings to the coronary artieries...then int he acending arota |
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difference between left and right atrioventrial valvues
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right ...3 cusps
left...2 cusps |
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semi lunar vlavues
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pal and arota...3 pockets that seal blood from reentering the heart
in the arota 2 openings to feed blood to heart coronary artiers |
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coronary salcus
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outisde external groove that seperates the 2 arts from the 2 vents
coronary sinus found here |
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anterior posterior interventrical salcus
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external landmark devides left and right ventricals
coronry viens and arties here |
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base and apex of heart
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apex..tip of heart
base...top of the heart (described at left at back around the coronary viend) |
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Excitability of the heart
name the parts that allow the heart to contract on its own |
1) S A node found at back of the right artrum under the superior vena cava...the pace maker of the heart...allows both atriums to contract to push to ventricals
2)Av Node floor of right atrium..creates delay 3)AV bundle,,conducts pathway through septum/middle of heart down to the apex 4)Perkungi fibers...causes ventricals to contract..spead through ventrical wall |
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Blood vessles..name and differnce between vessle layers
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tunica interna...inner lining of vessle simple squamous
tunica media..smooth muscle to push blood (thicker on arteries) Tunica externa...attaches to structures (thicker on veins)conenctive tissue |
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arterioles
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smallest artieries
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vaso diolation
constriction |
the narrowing of the loomen or expanding
constricting decreases flow to cappilaries |
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Cappilaries
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are only made from tunica interna...single layered for fast gas exchange..accept arterioles and venules
smallest of the blood vessles |
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venules
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smallest veins..they drain the cappilaries
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valves/milking actions
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viens have valvues..prevent blood from back flowing..to return to heart
when these viens pass through skeletol muscle groups those muslces contract pushing blood up the viens |
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anastomsis
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when the veins or arteries merge at differnt points to allow differnce roots for blood to move through the body
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name the artieries
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pg 705
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name viens
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705
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difference between left and right atrioventrial valvues
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right ...3 cusps
left...2 cusps |
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semi lunar vlavues
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pal and arota...3 pockets that seal blood from reentering the heart
in the arota 2 openings to feed blood to heart coronary artiers |
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coronary salcus
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outisde external groove that seperates the 2 arts from the 2 vents
coronary sinus found here |
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anterior posterior interventrical salcus
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external landmark devides left and right ventricals
coronry viens and arties here |
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base and apex of heart
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apex..tip of heart
base...top of the heart (described at left at back around the coronary viend) |
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Excitability of the heart
name the parts that allow the heart to contract on its own |
1) S A node found at back of the right artrum under the superior vena cava...the pace maker of the heart...allows both atriums to contract to push to ventricals
2)Av Node floor of right atrium..creates delay 3)AV bundle,,conducts pathway through septum/middle of heart down to the apex 4)Perkungi fibers...causes ventricals to contract..spead through ventrical wall |
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Blood vessles..name and differnce between vessle layers
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tunica interna...inner lining of vessle simple squamous
tunica media..smooth muscle to push blood (thicker on arteries) Tunica externa...attaches to structures (thicker on veins)conenctive tissue |
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arterioles
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smallest artieries
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vaso diolation
constriction |
the narrowing of the loomen or expanding
constricting decreases flow to cappilaries |
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Cappilaries
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are only made from tunica interna...single layered for fast gas exchange..accept arterioles and venules
smallest of the blood vessles |
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venules
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smallest veins..they drain the cappilaries
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valves/milking actions
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viens have valvues..prevent blood from back flowing..to return to heart
when these viens pass through skeletol muscle groups those muslces contract pushing blood up the viens |
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anastomsis
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when the veins or arteries merge at differnt points to allow differnce roots for blood to move through the body
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name the artieries
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pg 705
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name viens
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705
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