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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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matter
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anything that occupies space and has mass
ex: heart |
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physical change
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doesnt alter basic nature of a substance
ex: perspiration, chewing |
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chemical change
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does alter basic nature of a substance
ex: digestion |
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energy
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the ability to do work
ex: ATP |
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kinetic energy
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energy of motion
Ex: moving, running |
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potential energy
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stored energy
ex: glucose molecules |
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chemical energy
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energy formed stored in chemical bonds
ex: breaking phosphates in ATP |
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mechanical energy
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energy form directly involved in putting matter into motion
ex: brain activity |
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electrical energy
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energy form resulting from the movement of charged particles
ex:muscles pulling on bones |
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radiant energy
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energy of the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes heat, light, ultra-violent waves, infrared waves, and other forms.
ex:UV Rays |
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element
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any of the building blocks of matter: oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, for example.
ex: oxygen |
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atom
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the smallest part of an element; invisible by ordinary chemical means.
ex: carbon |
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proton
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subatomic particle that bears a positive charge; located in the atomic nucleus
ex: carbon proton |
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neutron
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uncharged subatomic particle; found in the atomic nucleus
ex: carbon neutron |
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electron
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negatively charged subatomic particle; orbits the atomic nucleus
ex: carbon electron |
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atomic number
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the number of protons in an atom
ex: 1- hydrogen |
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atomic mass
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the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
ex: helium-4 |
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atomic weight
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average of the massnumbers all isotopes of an element
ex: helium-4 |
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isotope
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different atomic form of the same element. vary only in the number of neutrons they contain
ex: carbon-14 |
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molecule
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particle consisting of 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
ex: water, oxygen |
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compound
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substance composed of 2 or more different elements, the atoms if which are chemically united
ex: methane, hydrogen, oxygen |
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ionic bond
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bond formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another. the resulting charged atoms, or ions, are oppositley charged and attract eachother
ex: NaCl |
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covalent bond
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a bond involving the sharing of electrons between atoms
ex: water, carbon dioxide |
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synthesis reaction
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chemical reaction in which larger molecules are formed from simpilar ones.
ex: protein molecule |
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decompostion reaction
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a desrtuctive chemical reaction in which complex substances are broken down into simpiler ones.
ex :H20 decomposes |
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exchange reaction
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a chemical reaction in which bonds are both made and broken atoms become combined with different atoms
ex: ATP becomes ADP |
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salts
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ionic compound that dissociates into charged particles when dissolved in water.
ex:calcium, sodium chloride |
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acids
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a substance thatliberates hydrogen ions when in an aqueous solution
ex: HCl |
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bases
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a substance that accepts hydrogen ions; proton acceptors
ex: NaOH, sodium bicarbonate |
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ions
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an atom with a positive or negative electric charge
ex: sodium, chlorine, Na+ |
