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129 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Lymphatic fluid is described as...
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Clear and colorless
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Lymph vessels contain what type of valves?
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One-way
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The lymph flow from the right side of the body empties where?
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Into the right lymphatic duct AKA right thoracic duct
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The lymph fluid that does not go to the right thoracic duct goes where?
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Into the left thoracic duct
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Name the 4 areas of the body that do not contain lymph vessels.
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1. Avascular Tissue
2. CNS and eye (brain/spinal) 3. Spleen 4. Bone Marrow |
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Name for the side trip venouse blood from the GI tract takes to the liver before dumping into the inferior vena cava.
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Portal hepatic system
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Blood from what organs takes the side trip?
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Esophagus down to the bottom of the large intestine (rectum)
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2 organs that contribute venouse blood to the portal hepatic system
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1. Spleen
2. Pancreas |
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Final vein that goes into the liver. Stuff from all other veins
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Hepatic vein
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A one way system that carries leftover fluid from the tissue spaces back to the heart
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Lymphatic system
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Small vessels the size of capillaries that collect leftover fluid, protein and debris from intercelular areas
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Lymphatic capillaries
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Lymph capillaries joined together to form slightly larger vessels
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Lymphatic vessels
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How do lymphatic vessels run?
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They run side by side and are not visible to the naked eye
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How does lymph fluid move?
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It is very sluggish and is moved by contraction of surrounding muscles
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The structure of a lymph node is described as having what kind of a shape?
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A capsule that has a tough outer coating of connective tissue
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What is the name for the part of the capsule that divides the lymph node into sections or projections of capsule ino the node?
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The trabeculae of the capsule
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What is the name for the stuff that goes in to the node?
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Hilius
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What is the name for the part of the lymph nodes that does all of the work?
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Parenchymia
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The parenchymia is composes of what two sections?
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An outer cortex and an inner medulla
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Spaces called sinuses just under the capsule
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Cortex
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Name for the filters of the parenchmia
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Cotical nodules
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Area that produces the white cells and keeps the nodes healthy
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Germinal centers
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Item that starts as sinus stuff
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Medulla
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Item that catches filtered fluid and comes down through the cortex
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Medullary sinuses
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Type of node that is located around the subnamdibular around the neck
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Cervical nodes
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Type of node that is around the front/upper chest and is related to breast tissue
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Thoracic node
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Type of node located in the armpit
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Axillary node
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Type of node located around the front of the elbow
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Cubital nodes
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Type of nodes that are scattered throughout the small intestine
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Peyer's patches
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Type of node around the groin area
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Inguinal nodes
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Type of node located at the back of the knee
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Popliteal node
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If something is going into the hilius it is what?
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Affarant
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If something is going out through the hilius it is what?
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Effarant
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Name for the item that is defined as like strings of lymphoid cells
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Medullary cords
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The lymphoid tissues is made up of what 4 items?
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1. Lymphnodes
2. Spleen 3. Thymus gland 4. Tonsils |
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How are vessels and nodes named?
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They are named for where they are located in the body
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Lymph nodes are more often found under what conditions?
Isolated or in clusters? |
They are more often found in clusters of nodes
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Terminal lymph vessels empty in the ____ or ____ ______ vein and then into the ___ ___ ___
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Right or left brachiocephalic vein
Superior vena cava |
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Right lymphatic duct (thoracic) and the upper right quadrant of the trunk drains terminal vessels on what side of the body?
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The right side of the body
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Left lymphatic duct receives lymph from
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the rest of the body
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The GI tract starts where?
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in the mouth inferior to the nasal cavity
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The entire length of the tube from mouth to anus consists an inner lining of secreting and absorbing mucous membrane called what?
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Mucosa
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The nerve plexus that deals with absorbtion
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The meissners plexus
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The nerve plexus that deals with the controling of muscle movement
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Auerbach's plexus
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Anterior margin of the cheeks (opening of cheeks) the muscle that is obiquiaris
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The lips
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The smooth portion of the lips between the mucus membrane - the flesh part
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Bermilion border
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The fleshy lateral borders of the mouth composed of outher layer of skin and inner layer of mucus membrane
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The cheeks
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The buxinator and large amounts of fat are found inbetween what part of the mouth?
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The cheeks
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The hard and soft palate forms what part of the mouth?
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The roof of the mouth
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The part of the pharynx behind the mouth
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The oral pharyx
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The mylohyoid muscle is found where?
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The floor of the mouth
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The vestibule of the mouth is found where?
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Everything in the mouth outside of the teeth
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The oral cavity proper is found where?
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Everything in the mouth inside of the teeth
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How many permanent teeth do we have?
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32
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How many teeth are on each top side and each bottom?
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8
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Name for flat sharp teeth that are used for cutting
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Two incisors - central and lateral
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Tooth used for puncturing and tearing
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The canine (eye tooth)
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Teeth used for grinding
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The two premolars or 1st and 2nd bicuspids
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How many molars do we have?
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3
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Which molar is known as the wisdom tooth?
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The 3rd molar
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The name for the upper visible part of the tooth covered by enamel
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The crown
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The name for the portion of the tooth in the gum
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The root
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Sweet and salty is recognized on what part of the tongue
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The front
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Sour is recognized on what part of the tongue
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The sides and mid portion of the tongue
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Bitter is recognized on what portion of the tongue
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Towards the back of the tongue
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The constricted part of the tooth right at the gum line - the separation area between the crown and the root
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The neck
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The hardest substance in the body that covers the crown - it has the pressure to withstand
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Enamel
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Does enamel repair itself?
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No
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What part of the teeth is the equivalent of bone marrow?
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The pulp
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What is the name for the space within the dentin that contains pulp?
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The pulp cavity or the pulp chamber
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The name for the area of tissue underneath the tongue that holds the tongue to the floor of the mouth
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The lingual frenulum
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The median sulcus divides what part of the tongue?
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The right and left
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Name for the small projections from the superior surface of the tongue
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The papillae of the tongue
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The smallest projection of tissue at the front of the tongue
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Fungoform
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Name for the large rounded things at the back of the tongue in a v-shape
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Vallate
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Name for the row of tissue in back of the tongue
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The lingual tonsils
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The name for the 3 sets of glands that produce saliva
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The salivary glands of the mouth
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The largest of the salivary glands located in the cheeks in front of the lower part of the ears
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The parotid glands
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The opening on the incide of the cheek
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The parotid duct
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Located under the parotid glands opens to the floor of the duct to the Wharton's duct
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The submandibular gland
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The name for the 3-6 openings into the floor of the mouth - the smallest
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Sublingual glands
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The item that consists of voluntary muscle for voluntary contol of swallowing
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The upper end of the esophagus
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What is know as the most dilated portion of the GI tract, expanding to hold up to 1 quart of material?
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The stomach
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What shape is the stomach?
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J shaped
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How long is the lengh and width of the stomach?
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10 inches long and 6 inches wide
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What is the biggest, wides part of the stomach involved in the majority of the breakdown of proteins?
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The body
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The name for the left side of the stomach
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The greater curvature
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The name for the right side of the stomach
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The lesser curvature
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The area of the stomach above the opening of the esophogus known as the 2nd stomach - designed to let material rot - no excretions
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The fundus
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The opening from the esophogus to the stomach
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The cardiac orifice
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Where the esophogus comes in
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The cardia
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Another name for the lower esophageal sphincter
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The caridac sphincter
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The name for the beginning of the pylorus
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The pyloric antrum
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The name for the major part of the phylorus
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The pyloric canal
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The name for the opening of the pyloris and the SI
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The pyloric orifice
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The name for the 2nd of 1-way valves that keeps food moving in 1 direction
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The pyloric sphincter
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The muscle that gives the grinding function to the stomach
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The Oblique muscle
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The name for the inner lining of the stomach that has more secreting cells than the esophogas
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The mucus membrane
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The name for the item that folds and is capable of stretching when the stomach is filled
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Rugae
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The name for the glands in the stomach that produce gastric juice.
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Gastric gland
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The item that makes pepsinogen that turns into pepsin
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Chief cells
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The part of the stomach that produces hydrochloric acid
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The parietal cells
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The duodenum, jejunum and the ilieum make up what part of the body?
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The small intestine
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What is the lengh of the SI?
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21 feet long
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This organ is the location of the majority of the processes of digestion and absorption of nutrients
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The SI
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What is the name of the cell that produces mucus and keeps pepsin and hydrochloric acid from eating up the stomach?
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The goblet cell
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What is needed for the absorption of vitamin B12?
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The intrinsic factor
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The name for the lymphatic vessel that takes fat molecules back to the heart
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Lacteals
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Name for food that's chewed in the mouth and mixed with salivary juice and turned into a mushy ball and swallowed
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Bolus
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Name for the semi-fluid substance that's ejected by the stomach and bumped into the small intestine - where nutrients are extracted and absorbed
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Chyme
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Name for chyme as it enters the large intestine
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Feces
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Shape of the duodenum
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Horseshoe
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How many sections does the duodenum have?
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4
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What is found in the 1st part of the duodenum?
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Gastric juice
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The part of the duodenum that receives pancreatic juices - it is the longest
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The 2nd part of the duodenum or the descending part
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The part of the duodenum that is receiving food which travels towards the LI
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The 3rd part of the duodenum or the ascending part
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The part of the duodenum that is getting food
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The 4 part of the duodenum
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The name for the first 8 feet or the upper 2/5 of the SI
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The jejunum
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The name for the last 12 feet or the lower 3/5 of the SI
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The ileum
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The place where the SI joins up with the LI in the lower right quadrant
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The ileocecal junction/valve
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The item that contains huge #s of digestive glands deep in the mucus membrane with aborptive areas poking out
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The mucuous membrane
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The part of the SI that has a blood supply and lacteals
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The villi or villus
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Name for glands that are buried deep
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Intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkuhn)
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What organ is described as being the picture frame that surrounds the SI?
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The LI
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Name for the 1st part of the LI - 2nd widest part of the GI tract next to the stomach - found in the lower rt quadrant
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The cecum
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The 3rd of the 1-way valve that separates food from feces
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Ileocecal valve
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The wormlike part of the LI that is 5-20 cm long - functions as a tonsil and protects body from bacteria
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The vermiform apendix
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The shortes part of the LI that is called a colong
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Ascending colon
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The place where ascending colong turns left under the liver
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The right colic flexure or hepatic flexure
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