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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Midsagittal plane
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divides body into right and left halves
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Medial
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towards the middle of the body
ex. right eye is medial to right ear |
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lateral
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located farther from the middle
ex. right ear is lateral to right eye |
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Coronal plane
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divides body into front and back halves
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anterior
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towards the front
ex. right eye is anterior to right ear |
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ventral
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closer to the belly
ex. right eye is ventral to right ear |
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posterior
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behind
ex. right ear is posterior to right eye |
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dorsal
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towards the back
ex. right ear is dorsal to right eye |
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Transverse plane
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horizontal cut through body
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Superior
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above
ex. right eye is superior to mouth |
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inferior/caudal
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below
ex. mouth is inferior to nose |
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cranial/cephalic
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towards the head
ex. chin is cranial to breast bone |
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proximal
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closer to
ex. knee is proximal to shin |
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distal
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farther or distant
ex. toes are distal to the knee |
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Central region of body
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head, neck, trunk
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Body trunk
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thorax, abdomen, pelvis
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right/left hypochondriac region
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region on right/left side of body just below the cartilage of the ribs
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epigastric region
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stomach region (upper middle section)
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right/left lumbar regions
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region at top of hip bone on right/left side
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umbilical region
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central region- belly button
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right/left iliac region
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lower hip sections- where ball joint in hip is
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hypogastric region
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region in middle below navel- anal region
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hematopoiesis
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process of blood formation
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upper respiratory pathway
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nose, mouth, trachea
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lower respiratory pathway
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bronchi, lungs
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pathological anatomy
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study of body structures having broken patterns which leads to disease
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pathophysiology
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abnormal body functions associated with disease
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superficial
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towards the surface
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body fluids
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can be generally classified as inorganic saline solutions
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electolyte
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a substance that breaks down into ions when placed into a water solvent so that resulting solution can conduct an electrical current
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collagen fibers
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thick, rope-like collagen molecules found in extracellular fluid- abundant
has a glueing effect |
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elastic fibers
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rich in elastin
allows for stretching found in extracellular fluid |
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Eleven body systems
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integumentary
skeletal muscular nervous endocrine lymphatic urinary reproductive cardiovascular digestive respiratory |
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3 groups of lipids
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triglycerides
phospholipids steroids |
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triglyceride
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contain fatty acid tails attached to three-carbon molecule called glycerol
makes up most of body fat |
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phospholipids
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important anatomical component of most cell membranes
arranged in two columns, hydrophobic fatty acid tails mixed together in the middle of the membrane has single polar phosphate-nitrogen head end, has + and - charges, hydrophilic |
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steroids
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has a waxy appearance of solid crystals
do not contain fatty acids group of non-fatty lipids that include closed rings of carbon atoms ex. cholesterol |
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cholesterol
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a bile solid that includes an alcohol group
solid, oily substance that occurs as square, scaly crystals within bile from the liver |
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Main Carbohydrates in the Human Body
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saccharides and glycogen
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Glycogen
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polysaccharide
stored in large quantities inside muscle and liver cells |
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Nucleic Acids
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RNA and DNA
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Scleroderma
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abnormal hardening of the skin, collagen disease
an unusual swelling and fragmentation of the collagen fibers in teh skin skin becomes progressively thicker, stiffer, and harder until movement becomes impossible |
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cell/plasma membrane
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thin covering that helps mold or form the shape of the cell
is selectively permeable |
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Nucleus
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surrounded by its own nuclear membrane
contains RNA and DNA contains nucleolus which contains a high concentration of RNA |
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Cytoplasm
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fluid matter within the cell
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