Anatomy

Front 1

The principle parts of the brain are the:

Back 1

brain stem, cerebellum, diencephalon, and cerebrum

Hint 1

b,c,d,c

Front 2

The brain is protected by crainial bones and the cranial meninges. The cranial meninges are continuous with the spinal meninges. From superficial to deep they are the:

Back 2

dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater

Hint 2

d,a,p

Front 3

Blood flow to the brain is mainly via the:

Back 3

internal carotid and vertebral arteries

Hint 3

2 types of arteries

Front 4

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed in the

Back 4

choroid plexuses

Hint 4

c,p

Front 5

csf circulates through the:

Back 5

lateral ventricles, third ventricle, fourth ventricle, subarachnoid space and central canal.

Hint 5

3 ventricles, one space and one canal

Front 6

Most of the csf is absorbed into the blood across the:

Back 6

arachnoid villa of the superior sagittal blood sinus

Hint 6

none

Front 7

an extension of the dura mater that separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

Back 7

falx cerebri

Hint 7

none

Front 8

an extension of the dura mater that separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum

Back 8

falx cerebelli

Hint 8

none

Front 9

an extension of the dura mater that separates the cerbrum fom the cerebellum

Back 9

tentorium cerebelli

Hint 9

t

Front 10

superior to the brain stem, consisting primarily of the thalamus and hypothalamus and including the epithalamus and the subthalamus is the

Back 10

diencephalon

Hint 10

d

Front 11

Posterior to the brain stem is the

Back 11

cerebellum

Hint 11

none

Front 12

spreads over the diencephalon like a mushroom cap and occupies most of the cranium

Back 12

cerebrum

Hint 12

none

Front 13

the csf formed in the choroid plexus of each lateral ventricle flows into the third ventrickle through a pair of narrow oval openings called the

Back 13

interventricular foramina (foramina of monro)

Hint 13

i,f

Front 14

More csf is added by the choroid plexus in the roof of the third ventricle. The fluid then flows through the

Back 14

cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of sylvius) which passes through the mid brain, into the fourth ventricle

Hint 14

c,a

Front 15

csf enters the subarachnoid space through three openings in the roof of the fourth ventricle;

Back 15

a median aperture(of Magendie) and the pair of lateral apertures (of Luschka)

Hint 15

three openings-only two names

Front 16

a continuation of the superior part of the spinal cord; it forms the inferior part of the brain stem

Back 16

Medulla oblongata

Hint 16

none

Front 17

On the ventral side of the medulla are two bulges called

Back 17

the pyramids

Hint 17

none

Front 18

Just superior to the junction of the medulla with the spinal cord, most of the axons in the left pyramid cross to the right side of the body and most of the axons in the right pyramid cross over to the left side. This crossing over is called

Back 18

decussation of pyramids

Hint 18

none

Front 19

Just lateral to each pypamid is an oval shaped swelling called an

Back 19

olive

Hint 19

none

Front 20

This causes most of the swelling in the olive; it relays impulses from proprioceptors, such as muscle spindles, to the cerebellum.

Back 20

inferior olivary nucleus

Hint 20

none

Front 21

Nuclei associated with some somatic sensations(touch, vibration, and proprioception) are located on the posterior aspect of the medulla. These nuclei ar the right and left:

Back 21

nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus

Hint 21

none

Front 22

This lies directly superior to the medulla and anterior to the cerebellum and consists of both nuclei and tracts

Back 22

pons

Hint 22

none

Front 23

Important nuclei in the pons are the

Back 23

pneumotaxic area and the apneustic area

Hint 23

none

Front 24

extends from the pons to the diencephalon; the cerebral aqueduct passes through it; connecting the 3rd ventricle above with the 4th ventricle below; contains both tracts and nuclei

Back 24

Midbrain

Hint 24

none

Front 25

The anterior part of the midbrain contains a pair of tracts called

Back 25

cerebral peduncles

Hint 25

none

Front 26

The posterior part of the midbrain is called the

Back 26

tectum =roof

Hint 26

none

Front 27

the tectum contains four rounded elevations called

Back 27

corpora quadrigemina; corpora=bodies quadrigeminus=four twins

Hint 27

none

Front 28

The two superior elvations of the corpora quadrigemina, know as the _______ ______, serve as reflex centers that govern movements of the eyes, head and neck in response to visual stimuli

Back 28

superior colliculi

Hint 28

none

Front 29

The two inferior elevations of the corpora quadrigema, the ______ ______, ar part of the auditory relay from the receptors for hearing in the ear to the sensory cortex of the cerebrum. Also reflex response due to auditory stimuli

Back 29

inferior colliculi

Hint 29

none

Front 30

The midbrain contains several nuclei including the left and right ______ ______ and the left and right_____ _____.

Back 30

substantia nigra, red nuclei

Hint 30

none

Front 31

extends from the brain stem to the cerebrum and surrounds the third ventricle; it includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus

Back 31

Diencephalon

Hint 31

d

Front 32

about 3cm and makes up 80% of the diencephalon, consists of paired oval masses of gray matter organized into nuclei with interspersed tracts of white matter

Back 32

Thalamus

Hint 32

t

Front 33

these nuclei of the thalamus are concerned with hearing

Back 33

medial geniculate nuclei

Hint 33

m

Front 34

these nuclei of the thalamus are concerned with vision

Back 34

lateral geniculate nuclei

Hint 34

l

Front 35

supported on the diencephalon and brain stem and forms the bulk of the brain is the

Back 35

cerebrum

Hint 35

none

Front 36

The cerebrum is composed of two halves called ______.each of which consists of an outer layer of gray matter an internal region of cerebral white matter and gray matter nuclei within the white matter

Back 36

hemispheres

Hint 36

none

Front 37

The superficial gray matter layer of the cerebrum is called the

Back 37

cerebral cortex

Hint 37

none

Front 38

The cerebral cortex is the "seat of intelligence" it provides us with the ability to ____,_____,______, make calculations and compose music; and to remember the past plan for the future, and imagine things that have never existed before

Back 38

read, write and speak

Hint 38

none

Front 39

During embryonic development, when brain size increases rapidly, the gray matter of the cortex enlarges much faster that the deeper white matter. As a result, the cortical region rolls and folds upon itself. The folds are called_________ or________

Back 39

gyri or convolutions

Hint 39

wrinkles on brain

Front 40

The deepest grooves between the folds are known as

Back 40

fissures

Hint 40

f

Front 41

the shallower grooves between folds are termed

Back 41

sulci

Hint 41

s

Front 42

The most prominent fissure the _______ ________ separates the cerebrum into right and left halves

Back 42

longitudinal fissure

Hint 42

l

Front 43

consists of several pairs of nuclei; the two members of each pair are situated in opposite cerebral hemispheres

Back 43

basal ganglia

Hint 43

b

Front 44

The _____ ______ receive input from and provide output to the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus

Back 44

basal ganglia

Hint 44

b

Front 45

The largest nucleus in the basal ganglia is the ______ _____ which consists of the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus.

Back 45

corpus striatum

Hint 45

c

Front 46

encircling the upper part of the brain stem and the corpus callosum is a ring of structures on the inner border of the cerebrum and floor of the diencephalon that constitutes the:

Back 46

limbic system

Hint 46

l

Front 47

the structures of the limbic system are the:

Back 47

parahippocampal, cingulate gyri, hippocampus

Hint 47

3,p,c-g,h

Front 48

The ____ ____ lies between the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus

Back 48

denate gyrus

Hint 48

d-g

Front 49

The cranial nerves:O,O,O,T,T,A,F,A,G,V,S,H: On Old Olympus Tiny Tops A Fin And German Viewed Some Hops

Back 49

Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Spinal accessory, Hypoglossal

Hint 49

none

Front 50

Cranial nerve I; arises in the olfactory mucosa, passes through foramina in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and ends in the olfactory bulb. Function: Smell

Back 50

Olfactory

Hint 50

O

Front 51

Cranial Nerve II; Arises in the retina of the eye, passes through the optic foramen, forms the optic chiasm and then the optic tracts and terminates in the lateral geniculate nuclei of thalamus. Function; Vision

Back 51

Optic

Hint 51

O

Front 52

Cranial nerve III; mixed; both sensory and motor; Sensory function is Muscle sense (proprioception); Motor function is Movement of eyeball and eyelid, constriction of pupil

Back 52

Oculomotor

Hint 52

O

Front 53

Cranial nerve IV; mixed; Sensory function is Muscle sense (proprioception); Motor function is movement of eyeball

Back 53

Trochlear

Hint 53

T

Front 54

Cranial nerve V; mixed; Sensory portion has three branches-ophthalamic, maxillary, mandibular Motor portion is part of the mandibular branch; Sensory function is touch, pain, temperature, and muscle sense;
Motor function is Chewing

Back 54

Trigeminal

Hint 54

T

Front 55

Cranial nerve VI; mixed; mainly motor; originates in the pons; Sensory function is muscle sense; Motor function is Movement of the eyeball

Back 55

Abducens

Hint 55

A

Front 56

Cranial Nerve VII; Mixed; Sensory portions arises from taste buds and functions as muscle sense and taste; Motor portion arises from the pons and functions facial expression and secretion of saliva and tears

Back 56

Facial

Hint 56

F

Front 57

Cranial NerveVIII;mixed; mainly sensory; Sensory functions are equilibrium, hair cells, hearing; Motor functions mechanical response to sound

Back 57

Vestibulocochlear

Hint 57

V

Front 58

Cranial Nerve IX; mixed; Sensory functions are taste and somatic sensations of tounge swallowing, blood pressure, monitoring oxygen and CO2 in blood; Motor functions are elevates the pharynx during swallowing and speech and stimulates secretion of saliva

Back 58

Glossopharyngeal

Hint 58

G

Front 59

Cranial Nerve X; mixed Sensory function is taste and somatic sensations of the epiglottis and pharnyx; Motor functions are Swallowing, coughing, and voice production

Back 59

Vagus

Hint 59

V

Front 60

Cranial Nerve XI; Motor consists of cranial portion and spinal portion; cranial portion mediates swallowing movements and spinal portion mediates movement of head and shoulders.

Cranial Nerve XII; mixed mainly motor; Motor function is movement of tounge during speech and swallowing; Sensory is muscle sense

Back 60

Spinal Accessory
Hypoglossal

Hint 60

S,H