Anatomy

Front 1

anatomy

Back 1

the study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

Front 2

physiology

Back 2

the study of the function of the body's structural machinery

Front 3

gross or macroscopic anatomy

Back 3

study of large body structures visable to the naked eye

ex. heart, lungs, kidneys

Front 4

microscopic anatomy

*cytology
*histology

Back 4

structures too small to be seen with the naked eye

*cytology - cell of the body
*histology - study of tissues

Front 5

developmental anatomy

Back 5

structural changes throughout life & before birth

Front 6

regional anatomy

Back 6

all structures in one part of the body

ex. abdomen, leg

Front 7

systemic anatomy

Back 7

gross antomy of the body studied by system

ex. cardiovascular system - heart & blood vessels of entire body

Front 8

surface anatomy

Back 8

study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin

Front 9

pathological anatomy

Back 9

study of structural changes caused by disease

Front 10

radiographic anatomy

Back 10

study of internal stuctures visualized by X ray

Front 11

molecular biology

Back 11

study of anatomical structures at a subcellular level

Front 12

principle of complementarity

Back 12

*function always reflects structure
*what a structure can do depends on its specific form

Front 13

renal physiology

Back 13

kidney function

Front 14

neurophysiology

Back 14

workings of the nervous system

Front 15

cardiovascular physiology

Back 15

operation of the heart and blood vessels

Front 16

levels of structural organization

Back 16

1. chemical level - atoms combine to form molecules
2. cellular level - cells are made up of molecules
3. tissue level - tissues consist of similar types of cells
4. organ level - organs are made up of different types of tissues
5. organ system level - organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely
6. organismal level - the human organism is made up of many organ systems

Front 17

anatomical position

Back 17

body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs point away from body

Front 18

superior (cranial)

Back 18

toward the head end (above)

ex. the head is superior to the abdomen

Front 19

inferior (caudal)

Back 19

away from the head end (below)

ex. the navel is inferior to the chin

Front 20

anterior (ventral)

Back 20

toward the front of the body

ex. the breastbone is anterior to the spine

Front 21

posterior (dorsal)

Back 21

toward the back of the body

ex. the heart is posterior to the breastbone

Front 22

medial

Back 22

toward the midline of the body; on the inner side of

ex. the heart is medial to the arm

Front 23

lateral

Back 23

away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

ex. the arms are lateral to the chest

Front 24

intermediate

Back 24

between a more medial and lateral structure

ex. the collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and shoulder

Front 25

proximal

Back 25

closer to the orgin of the body part (point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk)

ex. the elbow is proximal to the wrist

Front 26

distal

Back 26

farther from the orgin of the body part (the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk)

ex. the knee is distal to the thigh

Front 27

superficial (external)

Back 27

toward the body surface

ex. the skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles

Front 28

deep (internal)

Back 28

away from the body surface

ex. the lungs are deep to the skin

Front 29

*sagittal plane

*midsagittal or medial

Back 29

*divides the body into right and left parts

*sagittal plane that lies on the midline

Front 30

frontal (coronal) plane

Back 30

divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Front 31

transverse or horizontal (cross section) plane

Back 31

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Front 32

oblique section

Back 32

cuts made diagonally

Front 33

dorsal cavity

Back 33

*protects the nervous system

*2 subdivisions
-cranial cavity = in the skull, encases the brain
-vertebral cavity = or spinal cavity, runs w/n vertebral column, encloses spinal cord

Front 34

ventral body cavity

Back 34

*2 subdivisions
-thoracic cavity = surrounded by ribs and muscles of chest (diaphragm b/w)
- abdominopelvic cavity = consists of abdominal ( stomach, intestines, spleen, liver)and pelvic cavity (bladder, reproductive organs, rectum)