Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the blood functions?
|
Distribution(traspotation), Regulation, and Defense
|
|
|
What type of tissue is blood?
|
Connective
|
|
|
What are the components of blood?
|
RBC, WBC, Platelets and Plasma
|
|
|
Blood Characteristics
|
vary with body size, electrolyte, fat content
38 degrees C pH 7.35-7.45 5.2 quarts im males 5 million RBC |
|
|
Blood Suspension
|
if blood stands it will separate, cells to bottom plasma on top
|
|
|
What are the percentages of RBC and plasma in the blood?
|
55% plasma
thin interface of WBC 45% RCB (HCT) |
|
|
RBC Characteristics
|
biconcave, thin near centre, flexible, no nucleus, cannot reproduce, huge surface area
|
|
|
97% of the RBC is what
|
Hemoglobin
|
|
|
Hypoxia
|
prolonged oxygen deficiency of tissues
|
|
|
Anoxia
|
tissue total lack of oxygen, leads to tissue death=infarct
|
|
|
Cyanosis
|
visual symptom of hypoxia, bluish color to skin
|
|
|
HbS
|
abn sickle cell hemoglobin, cant compress in small vessles, stuck
|
|
|
Dietary Factors in Duodenum affecting RBC Production
|
Folic Acid and Vit B12- DNA synthesis
iron- hemoglobin synthesis |
|
|
RBC Production in Marrow
|
Hemocytoblasts>>>proeyrthroblasts>>>>erythroblasts>>>normoblast>>>>reticulocytes>>>erythrocytes
|
|
|
Life Span of RBC
|
120 days
|
|
|
Control of RBC Production
|
trigger- O2 deficiency sensed by liver or kidney
ERYTHROPOIETIN released by kidney Response- targets marrow to increase RBC production |
|
|
Anemia
|
oxygen carrying capacity of blood is reduced by insufficient no of RBC
|
|
|
pernicious anemia
|
abscense of B12
|
|
|
hemorrhagic anemia
|
abnormal blood loss
|
|
|
aplastic anemia
|
marrow mysfunction
|
|
|
hemolytic anemia
|
excessive hemolysis, drugs, parasites, genetics
|
|
|
Decreased Hb
|
iron defeciency
|
|
|
Polycythemia
|
increase no of RBC, slow sluggish
|
|
|
RBC Destruction
|
rbc fragile with age
|
|
|
Jaundice
|
if liver circulation is damaged bilirubin is not removed as bile but carried away in blood
|
|
|
WBC Characteristics
|
body defense
positive chemotaxis diapedesis made from hemocytoblast increase with infection |
|
|
Neutrophil
|
largest population in WBC
phagocyte, esp bacteria and fungi |
|
|
Eosinphil
|
increase in parasitic attack
increase in allergy attack |
|
|
Basophil
|
heparin=anticoagulant
histamine for allergy attack |
|
|
Lymphocyte
|
immunity
25-33% of WBC made in marrow or lymphatic tissue |
|
|
Monocyte
|
largest cell
large phagocyte acts like macrophage in tissues |
|
|
Platelets/Throbocytes
|
cell fragments
made from hemocytoblasts initiate homeostasis when there is a broken blood vessle clotting |
|
|
Plasma
|
whole blood minus the cells
|
|
|
Serum
|
plasma minus clotting protiens
|
|
|
Plasma Analysis
|
Blood Gasses- O2 and CO2
Blood Electrolytes- Na NPN NonProtein Nitrogen- amino acids, urea, uric acid--- rise in NPN can cause kidney problems |
|
|
Plasma Proteins
Albumins |
made in liver
maintain osmotic pressure in blood blood buffer |
|
|
Plasma Proteins
Clotting Problems |
fibrogen
prothrombin made in liver |
|
|
Plasma Proteins
Globulins |
there are alpha and beta- transport lipids
gamma- antibodies-- immunity |
|
|
Blood Lipoproteins
VLDL |
Very Low density lipoprotiens
transfer fat made in liver to fat tissue |
|
|
Blood Lipoproteins
LDL |
Low density lipoproteins
delivers cholesterol to cells |
|
|
Blood Lipoproteins
HDL |
High density lipoproteins
takes broken down chylomicrons to liver |
|
|
Homeostasis
Stops bleeding in 3 steps |
muscle in damaged vessle wall spasms
platlet plug- sticks to wall clot- blood coagulation |
|
|
Extrinsic Clotting
|
damaged tissue or vessles releases trigger-- tissue thromboplastic (TH)
series of reaction triggers Ca++ ions Prothrombin activator changes prothrombin in blood to thrombin |
|
|
Intrinsic Clotting
|
trigger blood contact with foreign surface
no tissue damage vessle is in tact Hagman factor |
|
|
Thrombus
|
stationary clot in unbroken vessle
|
|
|
Embolism
|
moving obstruction
|
|
|
Blood Typing
|
nameg by antigens--agglutinogens and glycoprotiens on surface of RBC
40 majors types |
|
|
Type A
|
A antigens on RBC
anti-B proteisn on plasma |
|
|
Type B
|
B antigens on RBC
anti-A proteins in plasma |
|
|
Type AB
|
A and B antigens on RBC
nothing in plasma universal receiver |
|
|
Type O
|
no antigens on RBC
anti A and B in plasma universal donor most common |
|
|
Transfusion Reaction
|
know the bloos type "blank" on RBC and "anti-blank" in plasma, possible clump
|
|
|
Rh Factor
|
agglutinogen same in human and rhesus monkey
“A” antigens; “Rh” antigens; anti-B agglutinins |
