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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the autonomic nervous sysetm do and what is it responsible for?
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-sends impulses to internal organs
-responsible for maintaining homeostasis (chemical equilibrium) |
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What does the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system increase?
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-increases heart rate
-increases respiration rate and depth -increases blood flow -increases blood pressure |
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What does the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system shut down?
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-digestion
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What does the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system produce?
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-adrenaline
-sweat -metabolic wastes -more viscous saliva |
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What does the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system relax?
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-bladder muscles to hold more urine
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What does the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system constict?
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-sphyncters
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What does the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system dilate?
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-pupils
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What does the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system use as an energy source?
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-glycogen and fat
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What are the 2 divisions of the autnomic nervous system?
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-sympathetic
-parasympathetic |
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Why does saliva become more viscous?
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-to trap more bacteria
-to be able to scream |
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Why does the uterus in a pregnant female contract during sympathetic actions?
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-to get rid of the fetus
-can cause immediate abortion in animals -to escape from predators |
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What happends in a non-pregnant female during sympathetic actions?
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-stops muscular contraction to prevent cramps
- to prevent a period so predators don;t get attracted |
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What happens in a male reproductive system during sympathetic actions?
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-ejaculation
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What does the spleen do?
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-part of vascular system
-stores excess RBC and repair RBC and create white blood cells |
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What is the anatomy of the Autonomic nervous system?
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-has 2 motor neurons to each area
-first neuron from cord to ganglion (preganglionic morot neuron) -second neuron from ganglion to area (postganglionic motor neuron) -all changes happen simultaneously |
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Where does the sympathetic divison begin?
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-begins in spinal cord b/t T1 and L2
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Where are the sympathetic trunk ganglii located?
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-as a chain of ganglions parallel to the spinal cord
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What are peripheral ganglii?
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-out in body towards organs
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How do these actions all occur simultaneously?
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-becuase of preganglionic neurons
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Where do neurons go at top of cord?
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-face, lungs, and heart
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Where do neurons go in the middle of the cord?
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-to another set of ganglions (peripheral ganglions)
-to liverm stomach, and spleen |
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Where do neurons go at the bottom of the cord?
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-to bladder, rectum, and reproductive system
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What do presympathetic ganglions do?
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-associates with multiple postsympathetic ganlgions for simultaneous actions
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-What keeps your heart beating when you are asleep?
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-heart works on its own until autonomic system takes over to change its rate
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Where does the parasympathetic divison originate?
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-in brain and exits through CN III, VII, IX, and X
-some in sacral prtion of spinal cord |
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What does the parasympathetic divison of the autonomic nervous system slow down?
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-heart rate
-respiration rate |
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What does the parasympathetic divison of the autonomic nervous system constrict?
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-pupils
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What does the parasympathetic divison of the autonomic nervous system stimulate?
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-digestive system
-lacrimal fluid (tears) |
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What does the parasympathetic divison of the autonomic nervous system contract?
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-bladder
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What does the parasympathetic divison of the autonomic nervous system relax?
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-spleen
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Where does the sympathetic divison begin?
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-begins in spinal cord b/t T1 and L2
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Where are the sympathetic trunk ganglii located?
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-as a chain of ganglions parallel to the spinal cord
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What are peripheral ganglii?
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-out in body towards organs
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How do these actions all occur simultaneously?
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-becuase of preganglionic neurons
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Where do neurons go at top of cord?
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-face, lungs, and heart
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Where do neurons go in the middle of the cord?
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-to another set of ganglions (peripheral ganglions)
-to liverm stomach, and spleen |
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Where do neurons go at the bottom of the cord?
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-to bladder, rectum, and reproductive system
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What do presympathetic ganglions do?
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-associates with multiple postsympathetic ganlgions for simultaneous actions
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-What keeps your heart beating when you are asleep?
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-heart works on its own until autonomic system takes over to change its rate
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Where does the parasympathetic divison originate?
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-in brain and exits through CN III, VII, IX, and X
-some in sacral prtion of spinal cord |
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What does the parasympathetic divison of the autonomic nervous system slow down?
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-heart rate
-respiration rate |
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What does the parasympathetic divison of the autonomic nervous system constrict?
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-pupils
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What does the parasympathetic divison of the autonomic nervous system stimulate?
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-digestive system
-lacrimal fluid (tears) |
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What does the parasympathetic divison of the autonomic nervous system contract?
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-bladder
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What does the parasympathetic divison of the autonomic nervous system relax?
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-spleen
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What are lacrimal glands?
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-produce lacrimal fluid (tears)
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Where are terminal ganglii located?
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-on the surface, in the walls of or immediatly adjacent to effector organs
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What do senses do?
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-makes the brain become aware of what something is
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What are the major stimuli the body is most sensitive to?
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-smell, touch, cell movement, internal pressure, chemreceptors, proprioceptors, light waves, sound waves, fluid movement, cytoplasmic molecules, temperature, and pain
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What are the receptors located in the skin and their order of sensitivity?
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-free nerve endings-->merkel disk-->tactile corpuscles-->krause bulb-->ruffini corpuscles-->laminated corpuscles
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How are the touch receptors stimulated?
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-receptors are bags of dendritic nerve ends
-any contact with external pressure causes depolarization |
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What do proprioceptors do?
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-Make your brain aware of where your limbs are adn what they are doing
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What does the wind do and how does homeostasis correct this and what detects it?
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-takes heat away
-homeostasis provides heat -hair movement detects this |
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What do root hair plexus do?
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-detects hair movment
-senses wind |
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What monitors fluid pressure adn where is it located?
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-Baroreceptors monitor internal fluid pressure
-found in carotid arteries, aorta, medulla, bladder, and digestive system |
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What do the chemoreceptors sense?
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-detect chemicals in the environment and bloods
-olfaction -gustation -monitor blood CO2and possibly oxygen |
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How do we detect light waves?
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-photo receptors
-only detect Red, Green, and Blue -mix to get correct pigmentation -mix and match differnet neruons in eye and sends to correct part of occipital lobe |
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How do we detect sound waves?
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-waves hit tympanic membrane
-vibrates auditory ossciles -goes through oval window and creates liquid pressure waves -waves move hairs which depoloarize neruons -waves dissipate into atmosphere |
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What are photo receptors?
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-rods and cones
-rods detect color -cones detect dim light -sensitive to red, blue,and green |
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What does an opithalamist do?
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-shines a light into your eye and examens the blood vessels to determine illnesses
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What lines nasal passages and how do we detect smell?
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-mucus
-olfactory hairs -sends impulse to neurons -supporting cells keep neurons elongated |
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What is the importance of smell?
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-for protection and be able to smell dangerous chemicals
-coordinates with taste |
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How does taste work?
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-tongue consists of taste buds
-chemicals go throuhg crevices through use of saliva |
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Whyata re taste buds made of?
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-gustatory cells
-supporting cells extend them -project into pore using villi |
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What do the lens of the eye do?
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-focus light waves to the back of the eye
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What is arteriosclerosis?
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-build up of cholesterol plague that can block veins and capillariesa dn cause heart attacks and strokes
-veins won't be able to expand as well |
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What is diabetes?
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-When have a huge excess of glucose in blood and no insulin, blood vessels beign to rot
-can be seen in eyeball as dark spots |
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What are semicircular tubes?
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-contains hair cells and gelatin
-orientates balance by bending hairs (depolarizing cells) |
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What are free nerve endings and what do they consist of?
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-versatile
-mechanoreceptors -fine touch sense -temperature receptors -pain receptors |
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What do temperature receptors monitor?
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-monitors speed of cytoplasmic molecules
-slow=cold -fast=hot |
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What does pain do and how is it caused?
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-informs brain of cell damage
-result of cell destruction/injury |
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What are prostaglanins?
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-found in cytosol of all cells
-depolarizes free nerve endings |
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What are the two categories of pain?
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-controlled inflammation (heals faster without suppressants)
-uncontrolled inflammation (use suppressants) |
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What are the two types of pain?
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-referred pain
-phantom pain |
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What is reffered pain?
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-If something hurts externally, then something may be damaged internally
-brain isn't accurate enough to pin point exact position internally |
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What s phantom pain?
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-pain in non-existant limb/extemity
-in amputies -the sensory nerve that served missing area depolarized at incision |
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Why would a person not feel pain?
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-a mutation that free nerve endings didn't develope
-or no functional pain center |
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What is the difference b/t fast and slow pain?
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-Fast pain is sharp and passes quickly
-slow pain is an uncomforatable sensation that lasts |
