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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which blood vessels carry blood to the heart ?
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Veins.
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Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart ?
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Arteries.
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Which veins provide primary superficial drainage to the face ?
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Facial veins.
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Which vein is formed by the union of the temporal maxillary vein and is located deep into the face ?
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Retromandibular vein.
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Which vein passes inferiorly and superficially to the neck ?
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External jugular vein.
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The union of which two veins form the retromandibular vein ?
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Maxillary and temporal veins.
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Name the veins that are located between the bony surfaces of the skull.
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Diploic veins.
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What are the veins called that pass through the dome of the skull ?
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Emissary veins.
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Name the dural venous sinuses.
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1. Superior and inferior sagital sinus.
2. Straight sinus. 3. Left and right transverse sinus. 4. Left and right sigmoid sinus. |
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Which veins form part of the superficial facial veins ?
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1. Facial veins
2. Superficial temporal veins 3. Retromandibular veins |
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Which veins are found deep in the face ?
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Maxillary veins.
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Which veins can be found in the neck ?
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1. Internal jugular vein
2. External jugular vein 3. Vertebral veins |
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Which large vein can be found at the root of the neck ?
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Subclavian vein.
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What is the vein called that is created by the union of the external jugular vein and the subclavian vein ?
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Brachiocephalic vein.
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Which two veins unite to form the superior vena cava ?
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The left and right brachiocephalic veins.
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Into which chamber of the heart does the superior vena cava lead to ?
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The right atrium.
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Which system of veins form an alternative pathway from the IVC to the SVC ?
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The azygos system.
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Which vein of the azygos system passes to the right of the vertebral column ?
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The azygos vein.
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Which veins of the azygos system passes to to the left of the vertebral column ?
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The hemiazygos veins (inferior part) and the accesory hemiazyogos veins (superior part).
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What is the origin and final destination of the azygos system of veins ?
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From the IFC to the SVC.
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Which veins drain in the left atrium ?
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The pulmonary veins.
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In which sinus do the cardiac veins travel towards the right atrium ?
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The coronary sinus.
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Which veins unite to form the most distal part of the SVC.
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The common iliac veins.
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What is the destination of the hepatic veins ?
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The inferior vena cava.
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What does the portocaval anastosomes consist of ?
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1. Lower esophagus
2. Anal canal 3. Para-umbilical veins |
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What are the key characteristics of arteries ?
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1, They carry blood away from the heart
2. They have elastic fibers |
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Which structure of the aorta curves inferiorly to the left ?
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The aortic arch.
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What is the first and largest branch of the aorta called ?
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The brachiocephalic trunk.
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Where does the bifurcation of the common carotid artery occur ?
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Above the thyroid cartilage.
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What does the common carotid artery fork into at its bifurcation ?
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Into the internal and external carotid arteries.
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Where does the internal carotid artery enter the skull ?
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Through the carotid canals.
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From which arteries does the vertebral arteries originate from ?
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The subclavian arteries.
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Where do the vertebral arteries enter the skull ?
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The foramen magnum.
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True or false: The internal carotid artery has many branches in the neck.
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False. The internal carotid artery has no branches in the neck.
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Name the anterior branches of the external carotid artery and their destinations.
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1. Superior thyroid artery (Thyroid)
2. Lingual artery (Tongue) 3. Facial artery (Superficial face) 4. Superficial temporal artery (Temporal region) 5. Maxillary artery (Deep face) |
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What does the subclavian artery branch into ?
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1. Vertebral artery
2. Internal thoracic artery 3. Thyrocervical artery 4. Axillary artery (it continous into this) |
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What is the small dilation of the proximal part of the internal carotid artery called ?
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Carotid sinus.
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What are the branches of the brachiocephalic trunk ?
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1. Common carotid artery (right)
2. Subclavian artery (right) |
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What are the branches of the aortic arch ?
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1. Brachiocephalic trunk
2. Common carotid artery (left) 3. Subclavian artery (left) |
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What does the ascending aorta branch into ?
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Right and left coronary arteries.
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What are the branches of the thoracic aorta ?
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1. Bronchial arteries
2. Oesophageal arteries 3. Posterior intercostal arteries 4. Superior phrenic arteries |
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What are the branches of the abdominal aorta ?
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1. Superior mesenteric artery
2. Inferior mesenteric artery 3. Suprarenal arteries (left and right) 4. Renal arteries (left and right) 5. Gonadal arteries (left and right) 6. Lumbar arteries (left and right) 7. Median sacral artery 8. Common iliac arteries (left and right) |
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What are the three unpaired arterial branches of the abdominal aorta ?
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1. Celiac trunk
2. Superior mesenteric artery 3. Inferior mesenteric artery |
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What are the three paired visceral arterial branches of the abdominal aorta ?
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1. Suprarenal arteries
2. Renal arteries 3. Gonadal arteries |
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What is meant by a paired blood vessel ?
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It mean that the vessel has both a left and a right one that are virtually the same.
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Name the five paired arterial, parietal branches of the abdominal aorta.
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1. Inferior phrenic arteries
2. 4 Lumbar arteries |
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What is the abdominal aorta continued as ?
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The common iliac arteries.
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What is the fibrous membrane called that surrounds the heart and the proximal part of its major vessels ?
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Pericardium.
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What is the tough, outer layer of the pericardium called that is continuous with the diaphragm central tendon ?
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Fibrous pericardium.
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What membrane lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium ?
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The parietal layer of the serous pericardium.
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What is the membrane called that is a reflection of the parietal layer of the serous pericardium ?
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The visceral layer of the serous pericardium or epicardium.
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What is the pericardial space and what is its functional importance ?
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It is the space between the layers of the serous pericardium which contains fluid to allow the heart to beat in a friction less environment.
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Name the 5 surfaces of the heart.
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1. Sternocostal (anterior)
2. Diaphragmatic (inferior) 3. Right pulmonary (right) 4. Left pulmonary (left) 5. Base (posterior) |
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What structures of the heart can be found at each of its borders ?
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1. Right- Right atrium
2. Left- Left ventricle and auricle 3. Superior- Atria, ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk and SVC 4. Inferior- Ventricles |
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Which sulcus (that can be found on the surface of the heart) differentiates the atria from the ventricles ?
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The coronary sulcus.
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Which sulcus (that can be found on the surface of the heart) differentiates the ventricles from one another ?
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The anterior and posterior interventricular sulcus.
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Which rough structure that can be found on the atrium increases the chamber's capacity ?
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The right auricle.
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What is the smooth posterior part of the right atrium called where the vena cavae and the coronary sinus open ?
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Sinus venarum cavarum.
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What does the rough anterior wall of the right atrium consist of ?
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Pectinate muscles.
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What is the fossa called that is located on the interatrial septum ?
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Fossa ovalis.
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Name the openings and valves present in the right atrium.
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1. Vena cavae openings
2. Coronary sinus opening 3. Tricuspid valve |
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What are the irregular muscle innervations of the right ventricle called.
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Tuberculae carneae.
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What are the conical muscular projections called whose bases attach to the ventricular wall ?
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Papillary muscles.
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Which cords attach to the free edges of the cusps of the heart valves ?
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Chordae tendinae.
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What is the strong obliquely partition called that separates the ventricles ?
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Interventricular spetum.
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What is the valve called that leads from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk ?
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Semilunar valve/ pulmonary valve (3 cusps).
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Which curved muscle bundle in the atrium carries the right branch of the AV bundle of conducting fibers ?
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The moderating band.
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What is the valve called that allows blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle ?
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The bicuspid valve.
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Which ventricles muscular wall is thicker ?
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The left ventricle.
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True or false: Pectinate muscles can be found in the left and right ventricle.
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False. They can only be found in the right atrium and in the right and left auricles.
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Once you open up the ventricle valve, what would you see lining the most of the walls ?
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Trabeculae carneae.
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What is the valve called that allows blood from the left ventricle to the aorta ?
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Semi lunar valve.
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Where does the right coronary artery lead to ?
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The posterior interventricular artery.
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Where does the left coronary artery lead to ?
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1. Anterior interventricular artery
2. Circumflex artery |
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What is the relatively large collection of nodal tissue called that can be found anterolaterally towards the right atrium ?
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Sinu-atrial node.
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Which relatively smaller collection of nodal tissue can be found posteroinferiorly towards the interatrial septum and close to the openings of the coranary sinus ?
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Atrioventricular node.
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Which bundle of conducting tissue is present in the interventricular septum ?
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The atrioventricular bundle.
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The left and right atrioventricular branches conduct to which structures of the heart ?
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The walls of the ventricles.
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