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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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function of cardiovascular system
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to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove waste and carbon dioxide
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apex of the heart
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at the bottom, pointed towards left hip
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base of the heart
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at the top
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what are the two layers of the pericardium?
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visceral and parietal
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where is the visceral pericardium?
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next to the heart
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where is the parietal pericardium?
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outside layer of the pericardium
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what are the three layers of the heart
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epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
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what type of tissue is the epicardium?
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connective
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what is the myocardium composed of
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cardiac muscle
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what are the four chambers of the heart?
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r & l ventricles, r & l atria
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interventricular septum
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separates the ventricles
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interatrial septum
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separates the atria
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what are the function of heart valves
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to prevent backflow into other chambers
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atrioventricular valves
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move blood from atria to ventricles
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semilunar valves
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move blood from ventricles to arteries
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what are the two semilunar valves?
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aortic semilunar and pulmonary semilunar
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what does AV stand for?
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atrioventricular
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what anchor the AV valves?
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chordae tendineae
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when are the AV valves open
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during heart relaxation
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when are the semilunar valves open?
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during heart contraction
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systemic circulation
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blood flows from left side of heart to tissues then back to right side
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pulmonary circulation
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blood flows from right side of the heart to lungs then back to the left side
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what arteries leave the left ventricle?
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aorta
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what arteries leave the right ventricle
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pulmonary
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what veins come into the left atrium
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superior and inferior vena cava
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what veins come into the right atrium
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4 pulmonary veins
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coronary arteries
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branch off of the aorta to nourish the heart
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cardiac veins
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drain myocardium of blood
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cardiac sinus
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receives blood from cardiac veins, posterior side of the heart
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where does the cardiac circulatory system enter
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into the right atrium, through the coronary sinus
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sinoatrial node
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in R atrium, pacemaker of the heart
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atrioventricular node
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junction of atria and ventricles
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bundle of His
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same as AV bundle, in interventricular septum
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atrioventricular bundle
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same as bundle of His, in interventricular septum
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bundle branches
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in interventricular septum
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Purkinje fibers
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fibers in ventricle wall muscles
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tachycardia
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rapid heartbeat, over 100 BPM
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bradycardia
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slow heartbeat, less than 60 BPM
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do the atria contract simultaneously?
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yes
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do the ventricles contract simultaneously?
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yes
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systole
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contraction
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diastole
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relaxation
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CO
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cardiac output
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cardiac output
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amount of blood pumped by the heart
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SV
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stroke volume
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stroke volume
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amount of blood pumped by each ventricle
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what is the equation for CO?
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HR x SV
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Starling's Law
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the more the heart muscle is used, the stronger the pumping action
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what carries blood away from the heart?
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arteries and arterioles
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what returns blood toward the heart?
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veins, veinules
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what are the three levels of veins?
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tunic intima, tunic media, tunic externa
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what is tunic media made of
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endothelium
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what is tunic media made of
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smooth muscle
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what is tunic externa made of
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fibrous connective tissue
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what milks veins to bring blood to the heart?
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skeletal muscle
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ascending aorta
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leaving the right ventricle
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aortic arch
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arches to the left
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thoracic aorta
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carries downward through thorax
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abdominal aorta
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passes through diaphragm to abdominal cavity
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circle of Willis
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blood vessels that supply the brain
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how many umbilical cord arteries
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2
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how many umbilical cord veins
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1
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what is normal pulse?
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70-76 BPM at rest
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hypotension
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systolic below 110 Hg
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hypertension
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systolic above 140 Hg
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