Anatomy 10/20/06

Front 1

What is the foramen of the spinal cord and what is the dura sinus filled with?

Back 1

-hole that is used for the spinal cord to pass through
-dura sinus is filled with adipose cells

Front 2

What is the Posterior branch of the spinal cord?

Back 2

-Ramus
-branch off spinal nerve adn go towards the posterior part of the body such as the back

Front 3

What is the inferior branch of the spinal cord?

Back 3

-Rami communicants
-part of the autonomic system
-runs to the sympathetic trunk ganglion

Front 4

What is the anterior ramus of the spinal cord?

Back 4

-branches off to the lateral parts of the body
-runs parallel (ex. in thoracic cavity, parallel to ribs)
-many brnahces
-branches run to body wall. Inferior to organs

Front 5

What are mixed nerves?

Back 5

-spinal nerves that make up both sensory and motor neurons
-posterior and anterior Rami contian both

Front 6

What are Dermatome maps?

Back 6

-Body is mapped out according to spinal nerves that run to a certain part of the body
-helps identify which spinal nerve/nerves are responsible for what part of the body.

Front 7

Where do the Lumbar nerves run to?

Back 7

-anterior part of the legs

Front 8

Where do the sacral nerves run to?

Back 8

-posterior part of the legs

Front 9

What are the steps of a reflex?

Back 9

-stimulus activates sensory neurons
-sensory neuron-->spinal nerve (posterior horn)
-interneurons
-motor neurons
-effectis cause the response

Front 10

What is a monosynaptic reflex?

Back 10

-requires no interneurons
-one synapse (motor and sensory neuron)
ex. knee jerk reflex

Front 11

What are the steps of a knee jerk reflex?

Back 11

-mallet hits area inferior to patella (kneecap)
-mallet distorts ligament and bends it back into fat which pulls on patella
-patella pulls on tendons
-tendons pull on Quad muscles in leg (stretch)
-impulses run to spinal nerve to posterior root to gray matter
-motor neurons sned impulse into spinal nerve, contracts muscles and flips leg out

Front 12

What are muscle receptors?

Back 12

-monitor the stretching of muscles and the overlapping of filaments

Front 13

What are stretch receptors?

Back 13

-pull on the muscle

Front 14

How is white matter organized in the spinal cord?

Back 14

-in bundles of interneuron axons (in Tracts)
-transports sensory information from body to the brain
-some contain axons with interneurons
-carry interneurons to the brain

Front 15

What do motor tracts do?

Back 15

-carry impulses away from the brain

Front 16

What does it mean that pathways of the brain are reversed?

Back 16

-right side of the brain controls left side of body and vice versa

Front 17

What are the steps necessary in order to remvoe a tack?

Back 17

-step on tack with left foot, causes pain
-pick up left foot, stiffen right leg for balance
-reach down and remove tact with right hand, left hold foot
-bend neck to focus on tack

Front 18

Where does the impulse go after stepping on a tack?

Back 18

-impulse goes from foot to calf, pelvis, spinal nerve, and spinal cord.
-ends at L1

Front 19

What are the muscle reflexes involved after stepping on a tack?

Back 19

-contract muscles in calf and thighs to get foot to move

Front 20

What is the path of the impulse after stepping on a tack?

Back 20

-sensory neuron synapse with interneurons from posterior horn to anterior horn
-interneurons synapse with motor neurons and the axon goes back to foot