Anatomy 1 & 2

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

study of structure & shape of body parts

Front 2

Physiology

Back 2

study of how the body works

Front 3

Atoms

Back 3

building blocks of matter

Front 4

Cells

Back 4

smallest unit of all living things

Front 5

Tissues

Back 5

a group of similar cells that have a common function

Front 6

Organ

Back 6

a structure composed of 2 or more tissue types & has a specific function

Front 7

Organ System

Back 7

group of organs cooperating for a specific purpose

Front 8

Organism

Back 8

a living thing

Front 9

Integumentary System

Back 9

external covering of the body; skin

Front 10

Skeletal System

Back 10

bones, cartilages, and joints

Front 11

Muscular System

Back 11

the muscles of the body contracting to move

Front 12

Nervous System

Back 12

the body's fast-acting control system that responds to stimuli

Front 13

Endocrine System

Back 13

what controls the body's activities through chemicals & hormones

Front 14

Cardiovascular System

Back 14

heart & blood vessels

Front 15

Lymphatic System

Back 15

regulates fluid in the body

Front 16

Respiratory System

Back 16

supplies the body with oxygen while removing Carbon Dioxide

Front 17

Digestive System

Back 17

breaks down food and delivers the product to the blood for dispersal to the body

Front 18

Urinary System

Back 18

removes nitrogen-containing waste form the blood & flushes them from the body

Front 19

Reproductive System

Back 19

used to produce offspring

Front 20

Movement

Back 20

all the activities promoted by the muscular system

Front 21

Responsiveness/Irritability

Back 21

the body's ability to sense changes in the environment & react to them

Front 22

Digestion

Back 22

the process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood

Front 23

Metabolism

Back 23

a broad term that refers to all chemical reactions that occur in the body

Front 24

Excretion

Back 24

the process of removing waste from the body

Front 25

Reproduction

Back 25

the production of offspring

Front 26

Growth

Back 26

an increase in size

Front 27

Nutrients

Back 27

taken in via diet, the chemicals used for energy & cell building

Front 28

Oxygen

Back 28

required for the chemical reactions that release energy

Front 29

Water

Back 29

60-80% of body weight; most abundant chemical substance in the body

Front 30

Body Temperature

Back 30

must be maintained around 37deg. C for good health

Front 31

Atmospheric Pressure

Back 31

the force exerted on the surface of the body by the weight of air

Front 32

Homeostasis

Back 32

the body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions

Front 33

Receptor

Back 33

a sensor that monitors and responds to changes in the environment

Front 34

Control Center

Back 34

determines the level at which a variable is to be maintained, analyzes info received, & decided response

Front 35

Effector

Back 35

responds to the stimulus by order of the control center

Front 36

Positive Feedback Mechanisms

Back 36

control infrequent events that occur explosively and don't require continuous adjustments

Front 37

Negative Feedback Mechanisms

Back 37

shut off the response to stimulus as reaction

Front 38

Homeostatic Imbalance

Back 38

unstable internal conditions/environment

Front 39

Anatomical Postion

Back 39

body erect, feet parallel, arms hanging at sides w/ palms facing forwards

Front 40

Abdominal

Back 40

anterior body trunk inferior to ribs

Front 41

Acromial

Back 41

point of shoulder

Front 42

Antecubital

Back 42

anterior surface of elbow

Front 43

Axillary

Back 43

armpit

Front 44

Brachial

Back 44

arm

Front 45

Buccal

Back 45

cheek area

Front 46

Carpal

Back 46

wrist

Front 47

Cervical

Back 47

neck region

Front 48

Coxal

Back 48

hip

Front 49

Crural

Back 49

leg

Front 50

Digital

Back 50

fingers

Front 51

Femoral

Back 51

thigh

Front 52

Fibular

Back 52

lateral part of leg

Front 53

Inguinal

Back 53

area where thigh meets body trunk; groin

Front 54

Nasal

Back 54

nose area

Front 55

Oral

Back 55

mouth

Front 56

Orbital

Back 56

eye area

Front 57

Patellar

Back 57

anterior knee

Front 58

Pelvic

Back 58

area overlying pelvis anteriorly

Front 59

Pubic

Back 59

genital region

Front 60

Sternal

Back 60

breastbone area

Front 61

Tarsal

Back 61

ankle region

Front 62

Thoracic

Back 62

chest

Front 63

Umbilical

Back 63

navel (belly button)

Front 64

Calcaneal

Back 64

heel of foot

Front 65

Cephalic

Back 65

head

Front 66

Deltoid

Back 66

curve of shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle

Front 67

Femoral

Back 67

thigh

Front 68

Gluteal

Back 68

buttock

Front 69

Lumbar

Back 69

area of back between ribs & hips

Front 70

Occipital

Back 70

posterior surface of head

Front 71

Olecranal

Back 71

posterior surface of elbow

Front 72

Popliteal

Back 72

posterior knee area

Front 73

Sacral

Back 73

area between hips

Front 74

Scapular

Back 74

shoulder blade region

Front 75

Sural

Back 75

posterior surface of lower leg; the calf

Front 76

Vertebral

Back 76

area of spine

Front 77

Plantar Region

Back 77

sole of the foot

Front 78

Directional Terms

Back 78

explains exactly where a body structure is in location to another

Front 79

Section

Back 79

cut to prepare to look at internal body structures

Front 80

Plane

Back 80

imaginary line splitting the body in half

Front 81

Mid-Sagittal Section

Back 81

cut made along the body lengthwise, cutting it into left and right parts

Front 82

Frontal Section

Back 82

cut made along the body lengthwise, cutting it into anterior & posterior parts

Front 83

Transverse Section

Back 83

cut made along horizontal plane, dividing the body into superior & inferior parts

Front 84

Dorsal Body Cavity

Back 84

internal cavity, split into Cranial & Spinal

Front 85

Cranial Cavity

Back 85

space inside the bony skull

Front 86

Spinal Cavity

Back 86

extends from cranial cavity to nearly the end of the spine

Front 87

Ventral Body Cavity

Back 87

body cavity split into Thoracic & Adbominopelvic

Front 88

Thoracic Cavity

Back 88

seperated from rest of ventral cavity by diaphragm; chest/lung area

Front 89

Diaphragm

Back 89

dome shaped muscle that expands and contracts as you breath

Front 90

Mediastinum

Back 90

separates lungs into left & right cavities

Front 91

Abdomiopelvic Cavity

Back 91

abdominal & pelvic cavity

Front 92

Abdominal Cavity

Back 92

body cavity containing stomach, intestine, & other organs

Front 93

Pelvic Cavity

Back 93

body cavity containing reproductive organs, bladder, & rectum

Front 94

Umbilical Region

Back 94

center most region of abdomiopelvic cavity, behind the navel

Front 95

Epigastric Region

Back 95

located superior to umbilical region

Front 96

Hypogastric Region

Back 96

inferior to the umbilical region

Front 97

Right/Left Iliac Regions

Back 97

lateral to the hypogastric regions

Front 98

Right/Left Lumbar Regions

Back 98

lateral to umbilical region

Front 99

Right/Left Hypochondriac Regions

Back 99

lateral to epigastric regions; contains lower ribs

Front 100

Matter

Back 100

anything occupying space & having mass

Front 101

Energy

Back 101

the ability to do work or put matter into motion

Front 102

Kinetic Energy

Back 102

when energy is doing work

Front 103

Potential Energy

Back 103

inactive or stored energy

Front 104

Chemical Energy

Back 104

energy stored in the bonds of chemical substances

Front 105

Electrical Energy

Back 105

energy resulting from movement of charged particles

Front 106

Mechanical Energy

Back 106

energy resulting from the movement of matter

Front 107

Radiant Energy

Back 107

energy of the electromagnetic spectrum, that travels in waves

Front 108

Elements

Back 108

unique substances that can't be broken down into simpler substances

Front 109

Periodic Table

Back 109

grid displays ever element known to man

Front 110

Atom

Back 110

building block of an element

Front 111

Atomic Symbol

Back 111

1 or 2 letter name representing an element

Front 112

Protons

Back 112

particle w/ a positive charge

Front 113

Neutron

Back 113

particle w/ a neutral charge

Front 114

Electron

Back 114

particle w/ a negative charge

Front 115

Planetary Model

Back 115

displays the atoms with protons & neutrons clustered at the center with the electrons orbiting the outside

Front 116

Orbital Model

Back 116

displays the atoms with a nucleus & an electron cloud

Front 117

Atomic Number

Back 117

equals the element's # of protons

Front 118

Atomic Mass Number

Back 118

sum of protons & neutrons in the nucleus

Front 119

Atomic Weight

Back 119

mass number of an atom's most abundant isotope

Front 120

Isotope

Back 120

structural variation of an element

Front 121

Radioisotopes

Back 121

heavier isotopes that decomposed to become more stable

Front 122

Radioactivity

Back 122

the process of spontaneous atomic decay

Front 123

Molecules

Back 123

the combination of 2 or more atoms, chemically

Front 124

Compound

Back 124

2 or more different atoms binding together to form a molecule

Front 125

Chemical Reaction

Back 125

whenever atoms combine w/ or dissociate from other atoms

Front 126

Electron Shells/Energy Levels

Back 126

regions of space around the nucleus

Front 127

Valence Shell

Back 127

outer shell of the electron cloud

Front 128

Ionic Bonds

Back 128

formed when electrons are transferred completely from one atom to another

Front 129

Ions

Back 129

atoms who have gained or lost electrons

Front 130

Salts

Back 130

NaCl and most other ionic bonds

Front 131

Covalent Bonds

Back 131

molecules that share electrons

Front 132

Hydrogen Bonds

Back 132

extremely weak bonds formed when H & N/O is attracted to another electron-hungary atom

Front 133

Synthesis Reaction

Back 133

A + B -> AB

Front 134

Decomposition Reaction

Back 134

AB -> A + B

Front 135

Exchange Reaction

Back 135

AB + C -> AC + B

AB + CD -> AD + BC

Front 136

Inorganic Compound

Back 136

small, simple molecules lacking Carbon

Front 137

Organic Compounds

Back 137

carbon-containing compounds

Front 138

High Heat Capacity

Back 138

able to absorbs & release large amounts of heat before its temp. changes appreciably

Front 139

Polarity/Solvent Properties

Back 139

water is an excellent solvent because of its polarity

Front 140

Chemical Reactivity

Back 140

water is an important reactant in some chem rxns; hydrolysis reactions

Front 141

Cushioning

Back 141

water serves as a protective function, like the cushioning fluid around the brain preventing trauma

Front 142

Salts

Back 142

found in bones or teeth, separating into their ions when dissolved in body fluids

Front 143

Electrolytes

Back 143

substances that conduct an electrical charge in a solution

Front 144

Acids

Back 144

pH < 7

Front 145

Bases

Back 145

pH > 7

Front 146

Proton Donors

Back 146

acids, because a Hydrogen ion is also a Hydrogen nucleus

Front 147

Proton Acceptors

Back 147

bases,

Front 148

pH Units

Back 148

measures the concentration of Hydrogen ions in body fluids

Front 149

Buffers

Back 149

chemicals that regulate acid-base balance

Front 150

Carbohydrates

Back 150

sugars & starches containing C, H, & O

Front 151

Monosaccharide

Back 151

simple sugars

Front 152

Glucose

Back 152

universal cellular fuel; blood sugar

Front 153

Disaccharides

Back 153

formed when 2 simple sugars are joined

Front 154

Dehydration Synthesis

Back 154

the reaction that forms disaccharides

Front 155

Hydrolysis

Back 155

the process in which water is used to split substances into smaller parts

Front 156

Polysaccharides

Back 156

long, branching chains of linked simple sugars

Front 157

Lipids

Back 157

organic compounds of C, H, & O

Front 158

Triglycerides/Neutral Fats

Back 158

composed of fatty acids & glycerol

Front 159

Fatty Acid

Back 159

building blocks of fats

Front 160

Glycerol

Back 160

one of the building blocks of fats; a sugar alcohol

Front 161

Phospholipids

Back 161

a modified triglyceride containing Phosphorous

Front 162

Steroids

Back 162

flat molecules formed of 4 interlocking rings

Front 163

Cholesterol

Back 163

enters the body through meat, egg, & cheese; found in all cell membranes

Front 164

Amino Acids

Back 164

building blocks of proteins

Front 165

Fibrous/Structural Proteins

Back 165

strandlike proteins that provide strength in body tissue & are very important in binding structures

Front 166

Globular/Functional Proteins

Back 166

mobile, spherical molecules that play crucial roles in virtually all biological processes

Front 167

Active Sites

Back 167

particular collections of atoms

Front 168

Catalyst

Back 168

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction w/o becoming part of the product or being changed itslef

Front 169

Enzyme

Back 169

functional protein that acts as a biological catalyst

Front 170

-ase

Back 170

suffix identifying enzymes

Front 171

Nucleic Acids

Back 171

they make up genes, providing the basic blue print of life

Front 172

Nucleotides

Back 172

building blocks of nucleic acids

Front 173

DNA

Back 173

genetic material found in the nucleus that delivers genetic info to the body's cells & provides instructions for building proteins

Front 174

RNA

Back 174

carries out the orders for protein synthesis issued by DNA

Front 175

ATP

Back 175

provides a form of chemical energy that is usable by all body cells

Front 176

ADP

Back 176

used to provide cellular energy & is replenished by oxidation of food fuels