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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Is the pancreas an endocrine gland or an exocrine gland? |
Both |
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What are the three Islets of Langerhans? |
1. Alpha cells 2. Beta Cells 3. Delta Cells |
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How does the thyroid gland differ from other glands? |
l |
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What do T3, T4, norepinephrine, and epinephrine have in common? |
a |
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Compare calcitonin and parathyroid hormone on their actions on bone, the gut, and the kidney. |
A |
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What hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex? |
a |
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What are the endocrine functions of the pancreas? |
a |
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What are the endocrine functions of the gonads? |
a |
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What are the four tropic anterior pituitary hormones? |
1. TSH - thyroid stimulating hormone 2. ACTH - adrneocorticotropic hormone 3. FSH - follicle stimulating hormone 4. LH - lutenizing hormone |
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What are the three different kinds of hormone structures? |
1. Steroid hormones 2. Peptide hormones 3. Monamines |
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What kind of hormone is a steroid hormone? |
Lipid hormone
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What kind of hormone is a peptide hormone? |
Amino acid based |
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What kind of hormone is a monoamine? |
Amino acid based |
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What are 3 examples of peptide hormones? |
1. oligopeptide chains 2. polypeptide chains 3. glycopoteins |
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What is one example of a steroid hormone? |
Cholesterol |
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What is one example of an amino amine hormone? |
Amino Acids |
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ThyrWhy are the differences in structure of hormones important? |
Difference greatly affects hormone physiology. |
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What are the three main types of amino acid based hormones? |
1. Biogenic amines 2. Peptides 3. Glycoproteins |
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What are 3 examples of biogenic amines? |
1. Modifications of AA Tyrosine 2. Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 3. catecholamines (norepi, epi) |
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What are the two major characteristics of amino acid based hormones? |
1. Water Soluble (hydrophilic) 2. Transportation (in blood throughout the body) FREE!!!! |
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Are lipid soluble hormones hydrophobic or hydrophilic? |
hydrophobic |
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What does the binding of a hormone and a receptor cell cause? |
Metabolic pathways to be activated. |
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What does "fluidity of hormones and target cells" mean? |
The number of receptors within target cells is able to change depending on the needs of the cell and its environment (# of hormones). |
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How do water soluble hormones attach to their receptors? |
Each hormone has a specific receptor (or one very closely related) that it will bind to based on shape. |
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What exactly is "receptor chemistry"? |
The relationship and communication between hormones and target cells and their receptors. |
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What causes this "cascade of events in a target cell"? |
The binding of the hormone to the receptor. |
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What are the 6 steps of cyclic AMP? |
1. Hormone to receptor 2. G protein activated 3. G protein activates AC 4. AC produces cAMP 5. cAMP activates PKs 6. PKs activates enzymes/other proteins |
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What are the steps of diacyglycerol and IP3? |
1. Hormone to receptor 2. G protein activated 3. G protein activates phospoholipase 4. Pl activates 1. Diaglycerol activates protein kinases 2. IP3 - Ca into cell - binds Calmodulin, activates protein kinases |
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What are some examples of hormones that are second messenger hormones? |
- ACTH - GHRH - TSH - Oxytocin - Catecholamines
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How does a lipid soluble hormone work with a cell? |
Diffuse into cell nucleus by: - Binds to receptor on chromatin - Activates DNA transcription (mRNA) - mRNA produces protein - protein could be enzyme or protein structure |
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What are some examples of steroidal hormones? |
- Estrogen - Progesterone - Testosterone - Cortisol - Aldosterone - Calcitrol - T3 and T4 (released as bound hormones) |
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What are the water soluble and lipid soluble biogenic amines? |
Review Question
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What is the precursor for lipid based hormones? |
Review Question
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Which hormone is responsible for regulating sodium? What triggers its release?
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Review
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What hormone is released during long term stress? Acute stress? |
review |
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What is the mode of action of lipid based hormones? |
review |
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What are 3 specific ways in which hormones can alter cellular activity? |
1. Increase and decrease rates of cell processes 2. Response determined by target cell type 3. Cellular changes produced by hormones |
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What are 5 ways in which hormones can produce cellular changes? |
1. Alter plasma membrane of permeability 2. Synthesize of protein or regulatory molecules 3. Activation and Deactivation of enzymes 4. Induction of secretory activity 5. Stimulation of mitosis |
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What are 3 important binding success factors? |
1. Concentration in blood (direct relationship) 2. Number of receptors (direct relationship) 3. Affinity or strength of bond - between hormone and receptor |
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What are 3 common hormone interactions? |
1. Synergistic Effect 2. Permissive Effect 3. Antagonistic Effect |
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Things you need to know about hormones. (in general) |
1. Origin 2. What they do 3. Where they go 4. What turns them on 5. What turns them off |
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Brain derived neutrifillic? factor cleans up synapses that are important and cleans out unimportant ones. Works while you sleep and is produced by AEROBIC EXERCISE. |
INTERESTING (NOT FOR TEST) |