Anatomical Directions And Osteokinetics

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

Study of structure and function of the body and it's other parts and their relationship to one another

Front 2

Physiology

Back 2

Study of the body and how it's parts work or function

Front 3

Anatomical Position

Back 3

Human body standing in an upright position, eyes facing forward, feet parallel and close together, arms at the sides of the body and palms facing foward

Front 4

Fundamental Position

Back 4

Same as the anatomical position except that the palms face the sides of the body.

Often used in discussing rotation of the upper extremity

Front 5

Medial

Back 5

Towards the middle or the mid-line of the body

Front 6

Lateral

Back 6

Away from the middle or the mid-line of the body

Front 7

Anterior

Back 7

Toward the front of the body (ventral)

Front 8

Posterior

Back 8

Toward the back of the body (dorsal)

Front 9

Superficial

Back 9

Toward the surface of the body

Front 10

Deep

Back 10

Inside the body, away from the surface

Front 11

Superior

Back 11

Indicates location of a body part that is above another body part

Front 12

Inferior

Back 12

Indicates location of a body part that is below another body part

Front 13

Cranial

Back 13

A position of structure close to the head

Front 14

Caudal

Back 14

A position of structure close to the feet

Front 15

Supine

Back 15

A person is lying straight with the face or anterior surface pointed upward

Front 16

Prone

Back 16

A person is lying straight with the face or anterior surface pointed downward

Front 17

Bilateral

Back 17

Refers to two or both sides of the body

Front 18

Contralateral

Back 18

Refers to the opposite side of the body

Front 19

Ipsilateral

Back 19

Refers to the same side of the body

Front 20

Distal

Back 20

Away from the trunk

Front 21

Proximal

Back 21

Toward the trunk

Front 22

Ventral

Back 22

Relating to, or toward the belly (anterior)

Front 23

Palmer

Back 23

The palm of the hand

Front 24

Sinister

Back 24

On the left side

Front 25

Dexter

Back 25

On the right side

Front 26

Plantar

Back 26

Sole of the foot

Front 27

Volar

Back 27

Relating to the palm of the hand or sole of the foot

Front 28

Appendicular Skeleton

Back 28

Part of the skeleton that includes the shoulder girdle, upper limbs (arms), pelvic girdle, and the lower limbs (legs)

Front 29

Axial Skeleton

Back 29

Part of the skeleton that includes the skull, vertebral column and the thorax (sternum and ribs)

Front 30

Linear Motion

Back 30

Motion along a line from one location to another

All the parts of the object move the same distance and in the same direction and at the same time

Front 31

Rectilinear Motion

Back 31

Motion along a straight line

Front 32

Curvilinear Motion

Back 32

Motion along a curved line

Front 33

Angular Motion

Back 33

Rotation around an axis

Front 34

General motion

Back 34

A combination of linear and angular motion (includes most human motion)

Front 35

Osteokinematics

Back 35

The relationship of the movement of bones around a joint axis

Ex. (Flexion/Extension)

Front 36

Arthrokinematics

Back 36

A joint's surface motion in relation to the body segments regions

Front 37

Flexion

Back 37

Bending movement of the one on another, bringing two segments together and causing a decrease in joint angle

(Ex. Bending elbow)

Front 38

Extension

Back 38

Straightening movement of one bone away from another causing an increase of the joint angle

(Ex. Straightening the elbow)

Front 39

Hyperextension

Back 39

Continuation of extension beyond the anatomical position

Front 40

Palmar Flexion

Back 40

Flexion at the wrist

Front 41

Plantar Flexion

Back 41

Flexion toward the plantar aspect of the foot (toes down)

Front 42

Dorsiflexion

Back 42

Flexion at the ankle; toes up

Front 43

Adduction

Back 43

Movement toward the midline

Front 44

Abduction

Back 44

Movement away from the midline

Front 45

Horizontal Adduction

Back 45

Arm at shoulder level then forward movement

Front 46

Horizontal Abduction

Back 46

Arm at shoulder level then backward movement

Front 47

Radial Deviation

Back 47

Hand moves medially, towards the thumb side

Front 48

Ulnar Deviation

Back 48

Hand moves laterally, toward the pinky side

Front 49

Lateral Flexion

Back 49

Trunk moves sideways

Front 50

Circumduction

Back 50

Motion that describes a circular shaped pattern (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction)

Front 51

Medial Rotation

Back 51

Anterior surface rolls inward toward the midline

Front 52

Lateral Rotation

Back 52

Anterior surface rolls outward, away from the midline

Front 53

Protraction

Back 53

A linear movement along a plane parallel to the ground and away from the midline

(shoulder blades apart)

Front 54

Retraction

Back 54

A linear movement in the same plane but toward the midline

(shoulder blades together)

Front 55

Elevation

Back 55

Upward or superior movement

(shrugging)

Front 56

Depression

Back 56

Downward or inferior movement

Front 57

Upward Rotation

Back 57

Rotary Movement of the scapulas; moving inferior angle of the scapula laterally and upward

Front 58

Downward Rotation

Back 58

Rotary movement of the scapula; moving inferior angle of scapula medially and downward

Front 59

Reduction

Back 59

Return restoration of joint to its originupinatioSal position

Front 60

Supination

Back 60

Rotation of the forearm into anatomical position. Palm facing upward

Front 61

Pronation

Back 61

Rotation of the forearm so the palm is facing downward

Front 62

Inversion

Back 62

Moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle

(ankle sprain)

Front 63

Exversion

Back 63

Moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle