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130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Integument = Cutaneous Membrane
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Composed of skin and its derivatives : here, nails, sweat , oil, and mammary glands
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Dermatology
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Functions of the integumet
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Protection, prevention of water loss, temperature regulation, metabolic regulation, Vitamin D production , Immune defense , sensory reception , excretion by secretion .
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Protection
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Prevention of Water Loss
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Temperature Regulation
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Metabolic Regulation
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Vitamin D
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Immune Defense
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Sensory Reception
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Excretion by Secretion
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Epidermal Strata
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layers of the epidermis in descending order are the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale
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Stratum Basale
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Innermost basal layer of the epidermis. Contains epidermal Stem cells , melanocytes, Merkel cells
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Keratinocytes
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Most abundant layer of epithelial cells in the epidermis
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Melanocytes
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Cell that produces stores melanin
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Tactile Cells
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Stratum Spinosum
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Also called the spiny layer is more superficial to the stratum basale. Made up of keratinocytes bound together by macula adherens Attached to tonofibrilsAnd of the cytoskeleton.
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Stratum Granulosum
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Layer of cells superficial to the stratum spinosum consists of Keratinocytes displaced from the stratum spinosum
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Stratum Lucidum
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Appears as the glassy layer and is only found in thick skin
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Stratum Corneum
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Consist of multiple layers of flattened dead interlocking keratinocytes
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Anucleated Cells
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Thick vs. Thin Skin
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Most of the body is covered in thin skin which is represented by four layers with the stratum lucidum Being absent . Thick skin is found in the palm's of the hands or the soles of the feet And exhibits call five layers of Epidermis .
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Skin Color
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Is a function of three components dermal blood supply , Thickness of the stratum corneum , in varying quantities of carotine and melanin
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Hemoglobin
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In respect of skin color hemoglobin loses oxygen and changes caller to a much darker red tone. Skin can take on a bluish coloration called cyanosis.
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Melanin
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Helps prevent skin damage by absorbing ultraviolet radiation in sunlight .
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Carotene
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Orange yellow pigments found in various forms colored vegetables such as carrots, corn, and squashes. Converts to vitamin A
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Skin Markings
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Nevus = mole
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See picture
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Freckles
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See picture
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Hemangioma
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Two types : capillary hemangiomas (Strawberry colored birthmarks ) ; cavernous hemangiomas (Port wine stains )
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Friction Ridges
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Fingerprints .
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Dermis
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Composed of the (more superficial) papillary layer and the (Deeper) reticular layer
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Papillary Layer
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Contains blood vessels lymphatic SCE, and sensory nerves. Nourishes the overlying it epidermis
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Dermal Papillae
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Epidermal Ridges
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Reticular Layer
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Image work of college and an elastic fibers oriented in all directions to resist tension in the skin
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Special Markings
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Striae = Stretch Marks
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Lines of Cleavage
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Tension lines in the skin that identify the predominant orientation of college and fiber bundles
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Subcutaneous Layer = Hypodermis
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It is not part of the integumet, It's stabilize the skins position against underlying organs and tissues.
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Accessory Organs
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Nails
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Modifications of the epidermis that form dorsal surface of the tips of the fingers and toes. Are derivatives formed from the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis
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Nail Body
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See picture
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Free Edge
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See picture
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Lunula
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See picture
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Nail Folds
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See picture
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Nail Groove
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See picture
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Eponychium = Cuticle
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See picture
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Nail Bed
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See picture
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Nail Root
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See picture
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Nail Matrix
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See picture
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Hyponychium
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See picture
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Nail Plate
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See picture
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Hair
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Found on almost everywhere in the body except homes in the hands souls of defeat the lips inside some fingers and toes and portions of the external genitalia
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Lanugo
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Extremely fine and unpigmented hair formed after roughly three months of embryonic development. Most are shed before birth
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Vellus
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Peach fuzz . Found Over much of the body
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Terminal Hair
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Heavily more deeply pigmented and sometimes early . The hair on your head , eyebrows, eyelashes .
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Hair Bulb
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See picture
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Hair Papilla
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See picture
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Hair Root
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See picture
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Hair Shaft
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See picture
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Hair Matrix
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See picture
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Hair Medulla
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See picture
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Hair Cortex
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See picture
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Cuticle
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See picture
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Hair Follicle
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See picture
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Arrector Pilli Muscle
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See picture
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Alopecia
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See picture
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Exocrine Glands
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Sweat Glands
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Two types of sweat glands merocrine and apocrine
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Merocrine
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Produce a thin waters secretion known as Sweat
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Apocrine
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Produces an oderous secretion.
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Sebaceous Glands
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Produces an oily material that coats hair shafts and the epidermal service
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Sebum
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The oily secretion produced by the sagacious glands
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Ceruminous Glands
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type of apocrine sweat gland that secretes waxy cerumen into the external ear canal
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Cerumen
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ear wax
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Mammary Glands
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apocrine glands specialized for milk production
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Regeneration
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The rebuilding of skin after injury
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Fibrosis
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Scar tissue as a result of the injury to the skin
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Burns
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1st-, 2nd-, 3rd-degree
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See picture
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Cancer
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Three types . Basal cell carcinoma , squamous cell carcinoma , malignant melanoma .
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Basal Cell Carcinoma
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See picture
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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See picture
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Malignant Melanoma
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See picture
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ABCD of cancer
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asymmetry, irregular border, color (more than one color), diameter.
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Homework
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Chapter 5 – Integumentary System
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1 a. List the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial. (BSGLC)
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"Stratum basale
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b. Which layer is most alive and why?
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The stratum germinativum is most alive because it is closest to the source of nutrients (blood vessels)
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2 a. Compare the structure of the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial.
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"1) Stratum basale : Contains epidermal stem cells, melanocytes, and Merkel cells
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b. Which layer of the skin is epithelial tissue?
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The Epidermis
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3 a. What are the 3 types of hair and when are they made?
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"Lanugo: made during birth and cover most of the body. Usually replaced by another type of hair later.
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b. Why is hair necessary?
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It serves as a layer of environmental protection on our heads and provides enhanced sensory on the rest of our bosies.
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4 a. What are the 3 zones along the length of hair?
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The bulb, the route, the shaft
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b. If a hair stops growing, where do you suspect is the damage? Why?
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the folicle
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5 a. Compare and contrast apocrine and merocrine sweat glands.
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apocrine sweat glands are found in the axillae, groin, nipples. Merocrine sweat glands are found thoughout the body and secret mostly water.
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b. Which is more abundant? Why?
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Merocrine sweat gland are more abundant and serve a cooling function throughout the body
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6 a. What and where is sebum?
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Sebum is a secretion from the sebaceous gland that provide lubrication and inhibits the growth of bacteria. They are found at the hair follicles.
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b. On a dry windy day, are sebaceous glands more or less active? Why?
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Sebaceous glands are more active because the hair requires more lubrication from the drying effects of the wind.
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7 a. List at least 5 structures found in the dermis.
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Sebaceous gland, arrector pil muscle, sweat gland, hair folicle, lamellated corpuscle, nerve fibers.
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b. What is the predominant tissue type(s) in the dermis?
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connective tissue, papillary layer = loose CT , reticular layer = dense irregular CT
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8 a. List at least one function for each of the structures in the dermis.
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Sebaceous gland (produces moisture), arrector pili muscle, sweat gland (cooling), hair folicle(sensation), lamellated corpuscle, nerve fibers(sensation).
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b. Are all these structures necessary? Give a couple examples when they are necessary.
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9 a. Compare and contrast the 3 types of skin cancer.
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"Basal cell carcinoma : orginates in the germinativum and is thought to be cause by UV light exposure.
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b. If you were to get skin cancer, which would you want it to be? Why?
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Squamous cell carcinoma because it is the most survivable
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10 a. List the 3 pigments to determine our skin color.
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Hemoglobin, melanin and carotene.
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b. Why do we tan?
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Melanin absorbs UV light and is increased with more exposure to UV light.
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1 a. List the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial. (BSGLC)
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Stratum basale, Stratum spinosum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum corneum
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b. Which layer is most alive and why?
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The stratum germinativum is most alive because it is closest to the source of nutrients (blood vessels)
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2 a. Compare the structure of the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial.
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1) Stratum basale : Contains epidermal stem cells, melanocytes, and Merkel cells 2) Stratum spinosum : spiny layer where the it begins to differentiate into keratinocyte. 3) Stratum granulosum : consists of keratinocytes displaced from the stratum spinosum. 4) Stratum lucidum : cells are flattened, densely packed and filled with keratin. 5) Stratum corneum : consists of 15-30 layers of dead interlocking cells.
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b. Which layer of the skin is epithelial tissue?
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The Epidermis
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3 a. What are the 3 types of hair and when are they made?
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Lanugo: made during birth and cover most of the body. Usually replaced by another type of hair later.; Vellus: Peach fuzz; terminal hair: covers the top of the head, eyelashesand eyebrows.
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b. Why is hair necessary?
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It serves as a layer of environmental protection on our heads and provides enhanced sensory on the rest of our bosies.
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4 a. What are the 3 zones along the length of hair?
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The bulb, the route, the shaft
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b. If a hair stops growing, where do you suspect is the damage? Why?
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the folicle
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5 a. Compare and contrast apocrine and merocrine sweat glands.
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apocrine sweat glands are found in the axillae, groin, nipples. Merocrine sweat glands are found thoughout the body and secret mostly water.
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b. Which is more abundant? Why?
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Merocrine sweat gland are more abundant and serve a cooling function throughout the body
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6 a. What and where is sebum?
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Sebum is a secretion from the sebaceous gland that provide lubrication and inhibits the growth of bacteria. They are found at the hair follicles.
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b. On a dry windy day, are sebaceous glands more or less active? Why?
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Sebaceous glands are more active because the hair requires more lubrication from the drying effects of the wind.
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7 a. List at least 5 structures found in the dermis.
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Sebaceous gland, arrector pil muscle, sweat gland, hair folicle, lamellated corpuscle, nerve fibers.
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b. What is the predominant tissue type(s) in the dermis?
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connective tissue, papillary layer = loose CT , reticular layer = dense irregular CT
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8 a. List at least one function for each of the structures in the dermis.
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Sebaceous gland (produces moisture), arrector pili muscle, sweat gland (cooling), hair folicle(sensation), lamellated corpuscle, nerve fibers(sensation).
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b. Are all these structures necessary? Give a couple examples when they are necessary.
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9 a. Compare and contrast the 3 types of skin cancer.
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Basal cell carcinoma : orginates in the germinativum and is thought to be cause by UV light exposure.; Squamous cell carcinoma: Less common than the other thwo form of skin cancer and is restricted to the areas of skin exposed to UV.; Melanoma:extremely dangerous and is know to metastasize in to the lymphatic system.
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b. If you were to get skin cancer, which would you want it to be? Why?
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Squamous cell carcinoma because it is the most survivable
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10 a. List the 3 pigments to determine our skin color.
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Hemoglobin, melanin and carotene.
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b. Why do we tan?
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Melanin absorbs UV light and is increased with more exposure to UV light.
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