Anat - Unit 1 - Posterior Abdominal Wall

Front 1

Where to the left and right crura of the diaphragm attach respectively?

Back 1

Right: L1-L3 and IV discs
Left: L1-L2 and IV disks

Front 2

Contents of the aortic hiatus

Back 2

Aorta
Thoracic duct
Azygos v (sometimes)
Intercostal lymphatic trunks

Front 3

Contents of the esophageal hiatus

Back 3

Esophagus
Esophageal branches of left gastric a. and v.
Anterior and posterior vagal trunks
A few lymphatic vessels

Front 4

Contents of the vena caval foramen

Back 4

Inferior vena cava
Right phrenic nerve
Lymphatic vessels

Front 5

Contents of the sternocostal hiatus

Back 5

Lymphatic channels from the convex surface of the liver to the anterior phrenic nodes
superior epigastric artery (usually)

Front 6

Level of the aortic hiatus.

Back 6

T12

Front 7

Level of the espohageal hiatus

Back 7

T10

Front 8

Level of the vena caval foramen

Back 8

T8

Front 9

Height of the right and left dome of the diaphram.

Back 9

Right - superiorly to 5th rib
Left - 5th intercostal space

Front 10

Arteries that supply the superior surface of the diaphragm

Back 10

Pericardiacophrenic branches (internal thoracic)
Musculophrenic branches (internal thoracic)
Superior phrenic branches (Thoracic aorta)

Front 11

Veins of the superior surface of the diaphragm.

Back 11

Pericardiacophrenic and musculophrenic tributaries to internal thoracic veins.

Front 12

Artery that supplies the inferior surface of the diaphragm.

Back 12

Inferior phrenic (branches of the abdominal aorta)

Front 13

Veins of the inferior diaphragm.

Back 13

Right inferior phrenic (to IVC)
Left inferior phrenic (to left suprarenal vein)

Front 14

Lymphatic nodes on the thoracic surface and where they drain.

Back 14

Anterior diaphragmatic nodes -> parasternal lymph nodes

Posterior diaphragmatic nodes -> phrenic and posterior mediastinal nodes

Parasternal and posterior mediastinal nodes -> brochomediastinal trunks and thoracic duct (left)

Front 15

Lymphatic nodes of the abdominal surface of the diaphragm

Back 15

Phrenic nodes
Superior lumbar nodes

Front 16

Motor innervation of the diaphragm

Back 16

Phrenic nerves (C3-C5)

Front 17

Sensory innervation of the diaphragm

Back 17

Phrenic nerves (central portion)
Lower 6 intercostal and subcostal nerves (T5-T12)

Front 18

Where does referred pain typically occur from irritation of the peripheral regions of the diaphragm innervated by intercostal nerves?

Back 18

The skin over costal margins of anterolateral abdominal wall

Front 19

Where does referred pain typically occur from irritation of diaphragmatic pluera/peritoneum?

Back 19

Shoulder region supplied by C3-C5 segments of the spinal cord

Front 20

Left sided diaphragmatic heriation typically involves what organs?

Back 20

Stomach, spleen, and intestines

Front 21

Describe a bochdalek hernia

Back 21

left sided; thru an opening on the left side when pleuroperitoneal membrane fails to close the pericardioperitoneal canal ; 85% of cases

Front 22

Describe a Morgagni's hernia

Back 22

failure of fusion between the xiphoid process and costal margins on the right , rare; 2% of cases

Front 23

The abdominal aorta is anterior to which vertebral bodies?

Back 23

T12-L4

Front 24

The IVC is created by then union of what veins?

Back 24

Common iliac veins at L5

Front 25

Where do the 5 lumbar veins drain?

Back 25

1-2: azygos and hemi-azygos via ascending lumbar vein

3-4: Directly to IVC

5: IVC via iliolumbar vein

Front 26

Where do the left testicular/ovarian and left suprarenal veins drain?

Back 26

Left renal vein

Front 27

Where to the right testicular/ovarian and right suprarenal veins drain?

Back 27

Directly to IVC

Front 28

If the IVC is blocked, what can act as a collateral channel between the upper and lower parts of the body?

Back 28

Ascending lumbar veins connect iliac, iliolumbar, and lumbar veins with the azygous and hemiazygous. This provides a collateral channel.

Front 29

What do the para-aortic nodes (lumbar) drain?

Back 29

Body wall, kidneys, adrenal glands, testes/ovaries, uterus

Front 30

What do the para aortic nodes combine to form?

Back 30

Right and left lumbar trunks

Front 31

What do the pre-aortic nodes drain?

Back 31

GI tract, accessory organs

Front 32

What do the pre-aortic nodes combind to form?

Back 32

Intestinal trunk

Front 33

What do the subcostal nerves innervate?

Back 33

Quadratum lumborum
transversus abdominis
anterolateral wall/sensory afferents to diaphragm

Front 34

What does the lumbar plexus innervate?

Back 34

Quadratum lumborum
transversus abdominis
iliacus
psoas major/minor

Sensory innervation of the skin of the thigh, gluteal, and pubic area and skin of anterolateral wall and peritoneum by L1

Front 35

Nerves originating from the lumbar plexus.

Back 35

Iliohypogastric & ilioinguinal nerves (L1)
Genitofemoral nerve (L1-2)
Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh (L2-3)
Obturator nerve(L2 to L4)
Femoral nerve (L2 to L4)
Lumbosacral trunk (L4-5)

Front 36

Nerves responsible for parasympathetc innervation of the posterior abdominal region.

Back 36

Pelvic splanchnic nerves and vagus nerves

Front 37

Cura of the diaphragm are peirced by:

Back 37

Greater and lesser thoracic splanchnic nerves

Front 38

Congenital diaphragmatic hernias are a result of the failure of what to close?

Back 38

Pleuroperitoneal membranes

Front 39

The 3 pre-vertebral pelxuses of the autonomic nervous system.

Back 39

Celiac (around celiac trunk and SMA)
Intermesenteric (Between SMA to aortic bifurcation)
Superior hypogastric (at aortic bifurcation)