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95 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
endothelium
simple squamous that lines the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels
mesothelium
The type of epithelial layer of serous membranes
such as the pericardium, pleura, or peritoneum
simple cuboidal epithelium
found in thyroid gland, pancreas, kidneys
ciliated simple columnar epithelium
respiratory tract; move oocytes to uterine tubes
nonciliated simple columnar epithelium
have microvilli and goblet cells that secrete mucus.....lining
of digestive, respiratory,
reproductive and urinary
tracts
simple squamous epithelium
like tiles
filtration and diffusion
epithelial tissue
Covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs,
body cavities, duct, and forms glands
connective tissue
Protects, supports, and binds organs.
Stores energy as fat, provides immunity
epithelial tissue formed by what germ layer?
endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm
connective tissue formed by what germ layer?
mesoderm
muscle tissue formed by what germ layer?
most formed by mesoderm
nervous tissue formed by what germ layer?
ectoderm
tight junctions
web-like strands of transmembrane proteins..fuse cells together
help cells from leaking
(intestines, stomach, bladder
adherens junction
plaque
resist separation of cell during contractile activites
adhesion belt & cadherins
small intestine
desmosomes
plaque & cadherins
prevent epidermal cells from separating under tension and cardiac cells from pulling apart during contraction
hemidesmosomes
looks like 1/2 a desmosome
integrin; laminin
keratinocytes and epidermis
gap junctions
connect cell membranes via tiny fluid-filled tunnels called connexons
Ions, nutrients, waste,
chemical and electrical
signals travel through the
connexonsfrom one cell to
another
mycardicytes
epithilial tissue
Selective barrier that regulates the movement of materials
in and out of the body

Secretory surfaces that release products onto the free
surface

Protective surfaces against the environment
reticular lamina
has collagen
basal lamina
has laminin, collagen, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans
basement membrane layers
basal lamina on top of reticular lamina
epithilial tissue: vascular or avascular? innervated?
avascular & innervated
stratified cuboidal epithelium
rare
apical layer is cuboidal
functions in protection
esophagus
stratified squamos epithelium
keratinization
nonkeratinized- mouth, throat, anus, vagina
stratified columnar epithilium
very rare
only apical layer is columnar
ducts of esophagus
transitional epithilium
bladder
relaxed- cuboidal
stretched- squamos
endocrine glands

Secretions, called hormones, diffuse directly
into the bloodstream
Function in maintaining homeostasis
exocrine glands
Secrete products into ducts that empty onto the surfaces of epithelium
Skin surface or lumen of a hollow organ
Secretions of the exocrine gland include mucus, sweat, oil, earwax, saliva, and digestive enzymes
Examples of glands include sudoriferous(sweat)
glands
simple gland
duct has no branch
compound
branched
tubular
tubular secretory parts
acinar glands
rounded secretory parts
tubuloacinar
rounded and tubular
connective tissue
most abundant
highly vascularized
innervated
EXCEPTIONS: cartilage and tendons
mast cells
produce histamine
fibroblasts
connective tissue cell that secretes fibers and components for ground substance
plasma cells
connective tiss. cell> white blood cell
secretes antibodies
macrophages
connective tiss>white blood cell
engulf bacteria and cellular debris by phagocytosis
loose connective tissue
3 types
areolar, adipose, reticular
types of fibers in connective tissue
collagen, elastic, reticular
areolar conn. tissue
most widely distributed
contains several types of cells and all 3 fibers
adipose conn. tissue
has adipocytes
good for insulation & energy reserves
white (common) & brown adipose tissue
reticular conn. tissue
Fine interlacing reticular fibers and cells
Forms the stromaof liver, spleen, and lymph nodes
RES for filtration
types of connective tissues (5 types)
loose, dense, cartilage, bone & liquid
dense conn. tissue
has numerous, thicker, dense fibers
packed closely with fewer cells than loose tissue
dense regular conn. tissue
bundles of collagen.. parallelly arranged for strength
tendons and most ligaments
dense irregular conn. tissue
Collagen fibers are usually irregularly arranged
Found where pulling forces are exerted in many directions
Dermis of skin and heart
dense elastic conn. tissue
Contain branching elastic fibers
Strong and can recoil to original shape after stretching
Lung tissue and arteries
cartilage
connective tissue
is a dense network of collagen
fibers and elastic fibers firmly embedded in chondroitinsulfate
avascular and no nerves except perichondrium
perichondrium
Covering of dense irregular connective tissue that
surrounds the cartilage
Two layers: outer fibrous layer and inner cellular layer
innervated & vascular
chondrocytes
cartilage cells found in the spaces called lacunae
hyaline cartilage
most abundant
surrounding by perichondrium
provides flexibility and support (reduces friction)
fibrocartilage
Chondrocytes are scattered among bundles of collagen
fibers within the extracellular matrix
Lack a perchondrium
above partella
Strongest type of cartilage
Found in intervertebral disc
elastic cartilage
Chrondrocytes are located within a threadlike network of
elastic fibers
Pericondrium is present
Provides strength and elasticity
2 patterns of cartilage growth
Interstitial growth

Growth from within the tissue
Appositional growth
Growth at the outer surface of the tissue
granulation tissue
actively growing tissue due to Fibroblast divide rapidly
New collagen fibers are manufactured
New blood capillaries supply materials for healing bc of extensive tissue damage
dermatoglyphics
the study of the
pattern of epidermal ridges
epidermal ridges
reflect contours of the
underlying dermal papillae and form the
basis for fingerprints(and footprints);
their function is to increase firmness of
grip by increasing friction.
reticular region
dense
irregular connective
tissue, adipose cells, hair
follicles, nerves,
sebaceous (oil) glands,
and sudoriferous(sweat)
glands
papillary region
areolar
connective and dermal
papillae
vitiligo
is a condition in which there is a partial or complete loss of
melanocytesfrom patches of skin
subcutaneuous layer
aka hypodermis
contains lamellated(pacinian) corpuscles
which detect external pressure.
cerumen
earwax
eccrine
AKA MEROCRINE
cool body off by sweating
mostly water, ward off bacteria
apocrine
sexy time ewwww excitement
ceruminous glands
modified sweat gland in ear
makes cerumen
2 types of skin
thin and hairy or thick and hairless
what bones do

Support

Protection

Assistance in Movement

Mineral Homeostasis

Blood Cell Production

Triglyceride Storage
mineral homeostasis
in bones
store Ca & P
red bone marrow
hematopoiesis- produce red blood cells
yellow bone marrow
triglyceride storage
spongy bone
lacks osteons
Lamellae are arranged in a lattice of thin
columns called trabeculae
space b/w lamellae make bone lighter
hemopoises occurs in which type of bone?
spongy bone!
effect of aging on bone tissue
brittleness (decrease in tensile strength bc of less collagen) and loss of bone mass (less Ca)
no exercise on bones...
loss of mineral deposition and collagen makes bones weak
bone's role in calcium homeostasis

The thyroid gland secretes calcitonin(CT)
whichinhibits activity of osteoclasts

The result is that CT promotes bone
formation and decreases blood Ca2+level
calcitriol
hormone that promotes absorbtion of Ca
compound (open) fracture
bone emerges from skin
comminuted fracture
bone is splintered, crushed, or broken into pieces
greenstick fracture
A partial fracture in which one side of the bone is broken and the other side
bends
impacted fracture
One end of the fractured bone is forcefully driven into another
pott's fracture
Fracture of the fibula, with injury of the tibial articulation
colles' fracture
A fracture of the radius in which the distal fragment is displaced
stress fracture
A series of microscopic fissures in bone
bone growth
thyroid, insulin, liver
vitamin d
increases absorption of Ca from food
vitamin c
needed for collagen
vitamin A
stimulates activity of osteoblasts
minerals and bones..
Large amounts of calcium and phosphorus and
smaller amounts of magnesium, fluoride, and
manganese are required for bone growth and
remodeling
osteoblasts
bone-building cells... initiate calcification
osteogenic cells
bone cells
Undergo cell division; the resulting cells develop
into osteoblasts
osteoblasts
Bone-building cells
Synthesize extracellular matrix of bone tissue
osteocytes
Mature bone cells
Exchange nutrients and wastes with the blood
osteoclasts
Release enzymes that digest the mineral
components of bone matrix (resorption)
Regulate blood calcium level
compact bone
Resists the stresses produced by weight and
movement

Components arranged into repeating structural
units called osteonsor Haversiansystems

Osteonsconsist of a central (Haversian) canal
with concentrically arranged lamellae,
lacunae, osteocytes, and canaliculi