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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
endothelium
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simple squamous that lines the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels
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mesothelium
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The type of epithelial layer of serous membranes
such as the pericardium, pleura, or peritoneum |
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simple cuboidal epithelium
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found in thyroid gland, pancreas, kidneys
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ciliated simple columnar epithelium
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respiratory tract; move oocytes to uterine tubes
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nonciliated simple columnar epithelium
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have microvilli and goblet cells that secrete mucus.....lining
of digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary tracts |
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simple squamous epithelium
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like tiles
filtration and diffusion |
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epithelial tissue
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Covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs,
body cavities, duct, and forms glands |
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connective tissue
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Protects, supports, and binds organs.
Stores energy as fat, provides immunity |
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epithelial tissue formed by what germ layer?
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endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm
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connective tissue formed by what germ layer?
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mesoderm
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muscle tissue formed by what germ layer?
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most formed by mesoderm
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nervous tissue formed by what germ layer?
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ectoderm
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tight junctions
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web-like strands of transmembrane proteins..fuse cells together
help cells from leaking (intestines, stomach, bladder |
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adherens junction
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plaque
resist separation of cell during contractile activites adhesion belt & cadherins small intestine |
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desmosomes
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plaque & cadherins
prevent epidermal cells from separating under tension and cardiac cells from pulling apart during contraction |
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hemidesmosomes
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looks like 1/2 a desmosome
integrin; laminin keratinocytes and epidermis |
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gap junctions
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connect cell membranes via tiny fluid-filled tunnels called connexons
Ions, nutrients, waste, chemical and electrical signals travel through the connexonsfrom one cell to another mycardicytes |
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epithilial tissue
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Selective barrier that regulates the movement of materials
in and out of the body Secretory surfaces that release products onto the free surface Protective surfaces against the environment |
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reticular lamina
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has collagen
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basal lamina
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has laminin, collagen, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans
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basement membrane layers
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basal lamina on top of reticular lamina
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epithilial tissue: vascular or avascular? innervated?
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avascular & innervated
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stratified cuboidal epithelium
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rare
apical layer is cuboidal functions in protection esophagus |
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stratified squamos epithelium
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keratinization
nonkeratinized- mouth, throat, anus, vagina |
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stratified columnar epithilium
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very rare
only apical layer is columnar ducts of esophagus |
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transitional epithilium
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bladder
relaxed- cuboidal stretched- squamos |
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endocrine glands
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Secretions, called hormones, diffuse directly into the bloodstream Function in maintaining homeostasis |
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exocrine glands
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Secrete products into ducts that empty onto the surfaces of epithelium
Skin surface or lumen of a hollow organ Secretions of the exocrine gland include mucus, sweat, oil, earwax, saliva, and digestive enzymes Examples of glands include sudoriferous(sweat) glands |
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simple gland
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duct has no branch
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compound
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branched
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tubular
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tubular secretory parts
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acinar glands
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rounded secretory parts
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tubuloacinar
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rounded and tubular
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connective tissue
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most abundant
highly vascularized innervated EXCEPTIONS: cartilage and tendons |
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mast cells
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produce histamine
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fibroblasts
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connective tissue cell that secretes fibers and components for ground substance
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plasma cells
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connective tiss. cell> white blood cell
secretes antibodies |
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macrophages
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connective tiss>white blood cell
engulf bacteria and cellular debris by phagocytosis |
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loose connective tissue
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3 types
areolar, adipose, reticular |
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types of fibers in connective tissue
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collagen, elastic, reticular
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areolar conn. tissue
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most widely distributed
contains several types of cells and all 3 fibers |
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adipose conn. tissue
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has adipocytes
good for insulation & energy reserves white (common) & brown adipose tissue |
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reticular conn. tissue
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Fine interlacing reticular fibers and cells
Forms the stromaof liver, spleen, and lymph nodes RES for filtration |
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types of connective tissues (5 types)
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loose, dense, cartilage, bone & liquid
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dense conn. tissue
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has numerous, thicker, dense fibers
packed closely with fewer cells than loose tissue |
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dense regular conn. tissue
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bundles of collagen.. parallelly arranged for strength
tendons and most ligaments |
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dense irregular conn. tissue
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Collagen fibers are usually irregularly arranged
Found where pulling forces are exerted in many directions Dermis of skin and heart |
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dense elastic conn. tissue
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Contain branching elastic fibers
Strong and can recoil to original shape after stretching Lung tissue and arteries |
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cartilage
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connective tissue
is a dense network of collagen fibers and elastic fibers firmly embedded in chondroitinsulfate avascular and no nerves except perichondrium |
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perichondrium
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Covering of dense irregular connective tissue that
surrounds the cartilage Two layers: outer fibrous layer and inner cellular layer innervated & vascular |
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chondrocytes
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cartilage cells found in the spaces called lacunae
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hyaline cartilage
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most abundant
surrounding by perichondrium provides flexibility and support (reduces friction) |
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fibrocartilage
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Chondrocytes are scattered among bundles of collagen
fibers within the extracellular matrix Lack a perchondrium above partella Strongest type of cartilage Found in intervertebral disc |
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elastic cartilage
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Chrondrocytes are located within a threadlike network of
elastic fibers Pericondrium is present Provides strength and elasticity |
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2 patterns of cartilage growth
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Interstitial growth
Growth from within the tissue Appositional growth Growth at the outer surface of the tissue |
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granulation tissue
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actively growing tissue due to Fibroblast divide rapidly
New collagen fibers are manufactured New blood capillaries supply materials for healing bc of extensive tissue damage |
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dermatoglyphics
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the study of the
pattern of epidermal ridges |
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epidermal ridges
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reflect contours of the
underlying dermal papillae and form the basis for fingerprints(and footprints); their function is to increase firmness of grip by increasing friction. |
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reticular region
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dense
irregular connective tissue, adipose cells, hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous (oil) glands, and sudoriferous(sweat) glands |
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papillary region
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areolar
connective and dermal papillae |
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vitiligo
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is a condition in which there is a partial or complete loss of
melanocytesfrom patches of skin |
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subcutaneuous layer
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aka hypodermis
contains lamellated(pacinian) corpuscles which detect external pressure. |
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cerumen
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earwax
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eccrine
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AKA MEROCRINE
cool body off by sweating mostly water, ward off bacteria |
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apocrine
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sexy time ewwww excitement
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ceruminous glands
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modified sweat gland in ear
makes cerumen |
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2 types of skin
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thin and hairy or thick and hairless
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what bones do
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Support Protection Assistance in Movement Mineral Homeostasis Blood Cell Production Triglyceride Storage |
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mineral homeostasis
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in bones
store Ca & P |
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red bone marrow
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hematopoiesis- produce red blood cells
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yellow bone marrow
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triglyceride storage
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spongy bone
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lacks osteons
Lamellae are arranged in a lattice of thin columns called trabeculae space b/w lamellae make bone lighter |
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hemopoises occurs in which type of bone?
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spongy bone!
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effect of aging on bone tissue
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brittleness (decrease in tensile strength bc of less collagen) and loss of bone mass (less Ca)
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no exercise on bones...
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loss of mineral deposition and collagen makes bones weak
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bone's role in calcium homeostasis
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The thyroid gland secretes calcitonin(CT) whichinhibits activity of osteoclasts The result is that CT promotes bone formation and decreases blood Ca2+level |
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calcitriol
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hormone that promotes absorbtion of Ca
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compound (open) fracture
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bone emerges from skin
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comminuted fracture
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bone is splintered, crushed, or broken into pieces
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greenstick fracture
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A partial fracture in which one side of the bone is broken and the other side
bends |
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impacted fracture
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One end of the fractured bone is forcefully driven into another
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pott's fracture
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Fracture of the fibula, with injury of the tibial articulation
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colles' fracture
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A fracture of the radius in which the distal fragment is displaced
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stress fracture
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A series of microscopic fissures in bone
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bone growth
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thyroid, insulin, liver
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vitamin d
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increases absorption of Ca from food
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vitamin c
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needed for collagen
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vitamin A
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stimulates activity of osteoblasts
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minerals and bones..
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Large amounts of calcium and phosphorus and
smaller amounts of magnesium, fluoride, and manganese are required for bone growth and remodeling |
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osteoblasts
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bone-building cells... initiate calcification
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osteogenic cells
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bone cells
Undergo cell division; the resulting cells develop into osteoblasts |
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osteoblasts
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Bone-building cells
Synthesize extracellular matrix of bone tissue |
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osteocytes
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Mature bone cells
Exchange nutrients and wastes with the blood |
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osteoclasts
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Release enzymes that digest the mineral
components of bone matrix (resorption) Regulate blood calcium level |
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compact bone
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Resists the stresses produced by weight and
movement Components arranged into repeating structural units called osteonsor Haversiansystems Osteonsconsist of a central (Haversian) canal with concentrically arranged lamellae, lacunae, osteocytes, and canaliculi |