Anat Final Cards 08

Front 1

Bones of the orbital floor

Back 1

Maxialla, Zygomatic, palantine

Front 2

Bones of the orbital Medial Wall

Back 2

Ethmoid, lacrimal, maxillary

Front 3

Bones of the orbital Lateral wall

Back 3

Greater wing of shenoid, zygomatic

Front 4

Bones of the orbital roof

Back 4

Frontal

Front 5

Foramen Rotundum
Bones bordering?
Structures passing through?

Back 5

Bones: G. wing
Structures: Maxillary N of Trigeminal (V)

Front 6

Foramen Ovale
Bones Bordering?
Structures passing through?

Back 6

Bones: G wing
Structuers: Mandibular N

Front 7

Foramen Spinosum
Bones Bordering?

Back 7

Bones: G wing

Front 8

Foramen Lacerum
Bones Bordering?
Structures passing though?

Back 8

Bones: G wing, Temporal, Occipital
Structures: Deep/Greater Petrosal N

Front 9

Optic Canal
Bones bordering?
Structures?

Back 9

Bones: L wing
Structures: ON, Ophthalmic A

Front 10

Superior orbital fissure
Bones Bordering?
Structures?

Back 10

Bones: L & G wing
Structures: (CN III, VI, Nasociliary N,) IV, Ophthalmic N, lacrimal N, Frontal N

Front 11

Inferior Orbital Fissure
Bones Bordering?
Srtuctures?

Back 11

Bones: Sphenoid, Zygomatic, Maxillary, Palantine
Structures: Maxillary N, Inf Ophthalmic V

Front 12

Jugular Foramen
Bones Bordering?
Structures?

Back 12

Bones: Temporal Occipital
Structures: CN IX, X, XI

Front 13

Hypoglossal
Bones Bordering?
Structures?

Back 13

Bones: Occipital
Structures: CN XII,

Front 14

Carotid Canal
Bones Bordering:
Structures?

Back 14

Bones: Petrous Temporal
Structures: Internal Carotid

Front 15

Internal Acoustic
Bones?
Structures?

Back 15

Bones: Petrous Temp
Structures: CN VII, VIII

Front 16

Location of Periorbita

Back 16

Covers orbital bones

Front 17

Orbital Septum=Palpebral Facsia=Septum Orbitale
Location?

Back 17

From orbital margin to tarsal plate. Levator pierces it.

Front 18

Structures posterior to & anterior to Orbital Septum

Back 18

Post: L/M check, L palpebral Ligament
Ant: M palpebral ligament, Horner's muscle, Lac sac

Front 19

Location of Tenon's Capsule=Bulbar Fascia

Back 19

Surrounds globe, btwn sclera and conj

Front 20

Globe::Tenon's Capsule
Orbit:: What?

Back 20

Orbital Septum
Structure:: is protected by

Front 21

What is the Suspensory Ligament?

Back 21

Inferior muscle sheaths that run hammock like from M to L orbit to support Globe.

Front 22

Where are the four bony sinuses located?

Back 22

Frontal, ethmoid, shenoid, Maxilary

Front 23

What an where are the structures in the cavernous sinus?

Back 23

M: ICA, Abducens (VI)
L: III, IV, Ophthalmic N, Maxillary N

Front 24

Where are the venous sinuses?

Back 24

Cavernous sinus (above sphenoid), Sagittal, Transverse, Straight, Confluence of Sinuses

Front 25

Name the sensory nerves of the ocular/orbital structures.

Back 25

CN II: sight
CN V: Ophthalmic; nasociliary, frontal, lacrimal
Maxillary; infraorbital, zzygomatic

Front 26

Sensory nerves of the eye lid

Back 26

Upper: Lac, supraorbital, supratrochlear, infratrochlear
Lower: Zygomatico-facial, infraorbital, infratrochlear

Front 27

Sensory nerves of the eye ball

Back 27

Long (also Symp to dilator muscle) and Short ciliary nerves (also symp and para)

Front 28

CN III
Nuc loc?
Pthwy?

Back 28

Nuc: Midbrain, ventral to aqueduct, sup colliculi level
Pthwy: Interpeduncular fossa-Sup cerebellar, post cerebral/comm-L cavernous sinus-Sup orbital fissure- SUP: SR, levator INF: IR, IO, MR

Front 29

CN IV
Nuc loc?
Pthwy?

Back 29

Nuc Loc: Midbrain, ventral to aqueduct, inf colliculi level
Pthwy: Dorsal midbrain (decussates)> follows III > L Cavernous sinus below III > sup orb fissure (not ctr) > SO

Front 30

CN VI
Nuc loc?
Pthwy?

Back 30

Nuc Loc: Pons below 4th ventricle
Pthwy: Exits btwn pons and medulla > base of occ bone > over petrous portion > L Cavernous sinus (L to ICA) > sup orb fissure > LR

Front 31

CN VII
Nuc Loc?
Pthwy?

Back 31

Nuc: Pons
Pthwy: exit pons > int ac. foramen > Canal in temp > stylomastoid foramen > over mandibular ramus > TEMP/ZYGOMATIC: frontalis, procerus, corrugator, orbicularis

Front 32

Presenting: Ipsi eye out, dilated. Contra eye no elevation in abd, no depress in add. Both eyes ptosis

Back 32

Lesion in midbrain affecting nuc of III and IV

Front 33

Presenting: Adduction and incomplete closure of lid

Back 33

Lesion in Pons affecting VI, VII

Front 34

Presenting: pupil dilated, exotropia, no mvmt in abduction, Ptosis

Back 34

CN III palsy
Intracranial: anueryms of sup cerebellar, post cerebral/comm

Front 35

Fracture of skull base or inc IOP affect what nerve most commonly?

Back 35

Abducens

Front 36

Presenting: Only Lateral Rectus is left functioning

Back 36

CN III and CN IV are damaged
Lateral wall of Cavernous sinus involved

Front 37

Aneurysm of Carotid Artery most likely affects which cranial nerve in the cavernous sinus?

Back 37

Abducens

Front 38

Injury in the muscle cone affects which nerves?

Back 38

III, VI, nasociliary

Front 39

Injury above the musclce cone affects which nerves?

Back 39

IV, Frontal, Lacrimal

Front 40

What is the corneal blink reflex pthwy?

Back 40

Touch cornea > Trigeminal N > edingerwestphal nuc activates sphinctor
> comm w/facial nuc activates orbicularis

Front 41

What is the lamina cribrosa?

Back 41

Network of scleral fibers through which the ON exits the eye

Front 42

Blood supply of the ON

Back 42

Laminar: Unfenestrated peripapillary choroidal network Post Laminar: Circle of Zinn (ophthalmic) Intracranial: Anterior cerebral/Comm, ICA

Front 43

Blood supply of Chiasm

Back 43

Ant comm/cerebral, Post comm/cerebral, ICA

Front 44

Blood supply of optic tract

Back 44

Ant choroidal, middle cerebral

Front 45

Blood supply of LGN (external GN)

Back 45

post/Ant choroidal

Front 46

Blood supply of Optic radiations

Back 46

Middle Cerebral deep optic branch, post cerebral calcarine fissure

Front 47

Blood supply of Striate Cortex

Back 47

Post cerebral calcarine branch

Front 48

Function of LGN

Back 48

Relay visual info to Cortex, some processing

Front 49

Striate cortex horizontal organization: magno vs parvocellular

Back 49

Magno: motion low spatial frequency
Parvo: Color and detail

Front 50

Striate cortex vertical organization

Back 50

Ocular dominance columns and Columns for stimulus orientation (edges)

Front 51

Where do Superior fibers exit the optic chiasm into the optic tract?

Back 51

Medially

Front 52

What is the papillomuscular bundle?

Back 52

Retinal Fibers that connect to the macula and the optic disc

Front 53

Which LGN layers recieve info from the ipsilateral eye?

Back 53

M2, P3, P5
(M1, P4, P6 receive contralateral)

Front 54

Which fibers cross-over in the optic chiasm?

Back 54

Nasal fibers (Temporal field)

Front 55

A homonymous defect indicates a lesion where?

Back 55

Post chiasmal

Front 56

A heteronymous (mirror img) defect indicates a lesion where?

Back 56

Chiasm
Binasal=ICA pressure
Bitemporal- pituitary adenoma

Front 57

Visual Field defects: Congruency tends to increase in which direction relative to the chiasm?

Back 57

away from the chiasm, towards the striate cortex

Front 58

A unilateral altitudinal defect indicates a lesion where?

Back 58

Prechiasmal
Bilateral altitudinal: Calcarine fissure

Front 59

Name 6 types of scotoma.

Back 59

Central, paracentral, pericentral (around fixation), cecal (blind spot), centrocecal, Arcuate (Glaucoma)

Front 60

A central defect (OD) and a pie in the sky (OS) indicates what?

Back 60

Anterioir junction syndrom of the Right Junction

Front 61

Homonymous Quadrantonopia VF defects indicate a lesion where?

Back 61

Opitc radiations

Front 62

A homonymous VF defect that does not include the macula

Back 62

Macular sparing (Cortex)

Front 63

A lesion in the anterior 2/3 of the Optic Tract will most likely cause..

Back 63

homonymous hemianopic defect with pupillary reactions affected

Front 64

A lesion in Meyer's loop will most likely cause...

Back 64

a superior homonymous defect

Front 65

Pathway of Sympathetic fiber (pre/post ganglion)

Back 65

Pregang neuron in lateral horn of spinal chord > exits ventrally > Symp chain gang
Post gang fiber goes to target (Iris dilator, BV's, mullers muscle, ciliary muscle, lacrimal gland)

Front 66

Pathway of parasympathetic fiber (pre/post gang)

Back 66

Pregang nueron in brainstem/sacral spinal chord >ganglion near target
Post ganglion (short)> (iris sphinctor, ciliary body, lac gland)

Front 67

ANS stimulation of Sympathetic nervous system causes what in regrads to the ocular system?

Back 67

Mydriasis, BV constriction, Eyes widen, less lac secrection

Front 68

ANS stimulation of Parasympathetic nervous system does what in regards to the ocular system?

Back 68

Miosis, accommodation, tear production

Front 69

Name 2 direct acting adrenergic agonists

Back 69

Epinephrine, phenylephrine

Front 70

How do cocaine and hydroxyamphetamine work?

Back 70

Indirectly acting Agonists. Cocaine inh uptake of NE. Hydroxyamphetamine stimulates release of NE.

Front 71

Name a directly and indirectly acting cholinergic agonist

Back 71

Dir: Pilocarpine
Indir: Physostigmine (inh AChE)

Front 72

Name an adrenergic antagonist used to reverse phenylephedrine induced mydriasis

Back 72

Dapiprazole, blocks NE receptors

Front 73

Name a cholinergic antagonist used to dilate

Back 73

tropicamide, atropine, cyclopentolate

Front 74

What is the near pt rxn pathwy?

Back 74

Afferent: eyes to cortex
CNS: cortex to EW nuc and Frontal eye fields (temporal)
Efferent: III to MR, Parasymp to Ciliary and sphinctor

Front 75

What is the pupillary light response pathway?

Back 75

Afferent: Eyes to pretectal nuc in midbrain (exit 2/3 down Optic tract)
CNS: Pretectal to EW. 1/2 cross via post commisure
Efferent: Parasymp from EW

Front 76

Causes of APD could be...

Back 76

ON compression, neuritis (MS)
Optic tract (first 2/3), usually accompianied by a homonymous VF defect

Front 77

Presentgin: normal near response, poor light response

Back 77

Argyll Robertson: Midbrain

Front 78

What causes Argyll robertson

Back 78

Diabetes, syphilis, alcohol neuropathy

Front 79

Adie's pupil syndrome is characterized by what?

Back 79

Anisocoria (eye cant constrict), poor dir/cons, slow near response, decreased corneal sensitivity, cholinergic supersensitivity, anisocoria greater in light

Front 80

What drug is used to test for Adies?

Back 80

0.125% pilocarpine, will cause miosis

Front 81

What syndrome is associated with ptosis, anisocooria (eye cant dilate), and anhydrosis?

Back 81

Horner's syndrom

Front 82

What drugs are used for horner's pupil diagnosis?

Back 82

Cocaine=no dilation
Hydroxyamphetamine= dilation if pregangliionic lesion

Front 83

Where do the posterior arteries go?

Back 83

Short: Choroid, circle of Zinn (10-20)
Long: Major circle of the iris (2)

Front 84

Where do the muscular arteries go?

Back 84

Lat/sup/levator
Med/inf
Anastomoses w/ major circle of iris

Front 85

Where do the ethmoid arteries go>

Back 85

nasal cavity
Ant: Ethmoid/Frontal sinus
Post: Frontal/shenoid sinus

Front 86

Where does the lacrimal artery go?

Back 86

Lac gland and anastomoses w/ middle palpebral to form palpebral arcades (eyelid) and Ext carotid

Front 87

Where does the supraorbital artery go?

Back 87

SO, SR, levator, forehead, orbicularis, anastomoses a/ Ext Carotid

Front 88

Describe the cilioretinal artery

Back 88

Branches from short ciliaries of circle of zinn. Goes to choroid then retina, can spare macula if CRA is damaged

Front 89

Where does the Supratrochlear artery go?

Back 89

Through prbital septum to forehead, anastomoses w/ ext carotid

Front 90

Where is the major circle of iris located?

Back 90

In the ciliary body, but it supplies the iris.

Front 91

Where does the dorsonasal artery go?

Back 91

lac sac, anastamoses with the angular artery of the external carotid

Front 92

List the branches of the ext carotid artery

Back 92

Facial (angular artery), Superficial temp (orbicularis, anastomososes to supply forehea), Maxillary (enters inf orb fissure, exits infraorbital foramen)

Front 93

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, simple, and stratified describe what type of tissue?

Back 93

Epithelial

Front 94

What 3 components make up Connective tissue?

Back 94

Cells (fibroblast, macrophages, mast, lymphocytes, chromatophores), fibers (collagen, elastic, reticular), ground substance

Front 95

What makes up the matrix in CT?

Back 95

Ground substace and fibers

Front 96

What are the 3 classifcations of CT?

Back 96

Aerolar (loose), Dense (corneal), Adipose (chicken wire)

Front 97

Describe the 3 type of muscle tissue

Back 97

Cardiac, smoothe, striated

Front 98

What are the two types of nervous tissue?

Back 98

Neurons (-"polar") and Glia (-"-cyte". -"glia", schwann)

Front 99

Structure and function of fibroblast

Back 99

Cell in CT that produces CT components

Front 100

Describe structure and function of schwann cell

Back 100

Glial cell that wraps around cell axon (myelin) for insulation

Front 101

Describe structure and function of astrocytes

Back 101

glial cell that provides framework and nutrition

Front 102

function of microglia

Back 102

Glial cell that phagocitizes

Front 103

Oligodendrocyte structurew and function

Back 103

Myelin in the CNS can myelinate more than one cell axon.

Front 104

Name the three layers of BV's

Back 104

Tunica intima (squamous)
Tunica media (smooth mus)
Tunica Adventia (CT)

Front 105

Describe layers of Arteries, Veins, and cappilaries

Back 105

A: thin adventia, thick media
V. thin media, thick adventia
C: 1 endothelial cell thick