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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of connective tissue?
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-support
-exchange of nutrients, waste and metabolites - defence - storage |
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Extracellular matrix of connective tissue composed of?
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ground substance and fibers
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Describe the ground substance of connective tissue.
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- hydrated
- amourphus |
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Connective tissue ground substance is composed of what?
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-glycosaminoglycans
-proteoglycans -adhesive glycoproteins |
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What makes up collagen?
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subunits of tropocollagen formed from 3 alpha helices.
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describe collagens strength.
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inflexable with tensile strength
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How many types of collagen fibers are there?
How do they vary? |
- about 20
- The amino acid sequence in their alpha structure |
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Where is type I collagen found?
how widespread is it? |
found in CT proper, bone, dentin, cementum
- It is the most widespread |
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Where is type 2 collagen found?
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Cartilage
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Where is type III Collagen found?
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reticular fibers
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Where is type IV collagen found?
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In basal lamina
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What are elastic fibers composed of?
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elastin and microfibrils
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How much can elastic fibers be streched?
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150%
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What is this?
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Elastin
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Describe reticular fibers.
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Very slinder with type III collagen. Very delicate.
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Where do you find reticular fibers?
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around glands and lymphnodes etc...
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What is the most abundant connective tissue cell type?
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Fibroblasts
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what are fibroblasts derived from?
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mesenchyme
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The extracellular matrix of connective tissue if formed by what cell?
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fibroblasts
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What is the shape of a fibroblast?
What part of the cell is usually seen in a slide? |
fusiform (spindle)
the nucleus |
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describe fibroblast nuclei.
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elongated with prominant nucleiolus.
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what organelles are prominant in the fibroblast?
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RER and golgi
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describe older fibroblast cells (fibrocytes)
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smaller with less protein machienary
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What is this picture showing?
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fibrocytes
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What are myofibroblasts?
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intermediat between smooth muscle and fibroblasts
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Why are myofibroblasts simular to muscle?
Why is it simular to fibroblasts? |
- because it possesses actin and myeosin
- because of its shape |
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Where are myofibroblasts found?
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- in wound healing and periodontal ligament
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What property do myfibroblasts give the periodontal ligament?
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- elasticity
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Periocytes are derived from what?
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- mesenchyme
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Where are pericytes found?
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partially surrounding the endothelial cells of capillaries and small venules
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Pericytes are multipotential which means what?
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they can develope into other cells
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What surround pericytes?
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a basal lamina - separates it from connective tissue.
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pericytes are intermediates of what?
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endothelial and smooth muscle
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What do adipose cells develope from?
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mesinchymal cells
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Do adipose cells divide?
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no they are post mitotic
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What is an adipose cell function?
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synthesis and storage of triglycerides
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What are 2 types of adipose cells?
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uniocular and multiocular
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Describe uniocular adipose cells:
- cell filled with what? - cell shape - size - shape when packed together - location of cytoplasm and nucleus - golgi? - RER, mitochondria and free ribosomes |
- triglycerides
- round - 120 um - polyhedral - periphery - yes - not a lot of RER, or mitochondria. But lots of free ribosomes |
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Descibe multiocular adipocytes.
- size - shape - nucleus - lipid distirbution - amount of RER and SER |
- smaller than unioccular
- polygonal - round and centrally located - small lipid droplets - no RER lots of SER |
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Is unioccular white or brown fat?
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White
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Size of mast cells
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20-30 um
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mast cell shape and location of nucleus?
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ovoid with central nucleus
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mast cells derived from?
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marrow
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mast cell cytoplasm contains what?
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basophilic granules: heprin, histomine and proteases
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how are mast cells activated?
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by binding of IgE to FC when a forgein antigen is detected.
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how big are macrophages?
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10-30 um
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describe macrophage shape
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irregular sometimes has filopodia
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describe macrophage cytoplasm
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basophilic with vacuoles and granules
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describe macrophage nucleus
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eccentric, heterchromatic and indented
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What organelles are prodominant in macrophages?
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RER, golgi, lysosomes
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macrophages are part of what system?
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the mononuclear phagocyte system (Mps)
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macrophages arise from what?
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marrow
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What are macrophages before they mature?
What stimulates macrophages to mature? |
monocytes
macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) |
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macrophages are called what in the liver?
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kupffer cells
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macrophages are called what in the lungs (2)?
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dust cells or alveolar cells
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macrophages are called what in the skin?
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Langerhans
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macrophages are called what in the blood?
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monocytes
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macrophages are called what in the connective tissue?
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macrophages
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What are other types of MPS cells besides macrophages?
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osteoclasts and microglial cells
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When macrophages fuse they are called what?
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forgein-body giant cells
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What is the role of macrophages?
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to phagocytise dead/old/damaged cells, clean up cellular debris and eat bacteria.
THEY ARE ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS! |
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What are plasma cells?
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activated B-lymphocytes
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What do plasma cells do?
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produce antibodies
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Describe plasma cell shape and nucleus.
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ovoid with eccentrically placed nuclei. Nucleus is clock face
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describe cytoplasm of plasma cells
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intensily basophilic with lots of RER
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What are the 5 types of leukocytes?
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basophils
neutrophils eosinophils lymphocytes monocytes |
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What is the role of a neutrophil?
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- to phagocytise bacteria
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What is the role of a eosinophil?
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involved with allergic reactions and paracytes
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what is the role of basophils?
How are basophils related to mast cells? |
they are involved in inflamatory responses
Very simular if not the same. |
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What is the role of lymphocytes.
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Found in sites of chronic inflamation
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What is the embrionic connective tissue?
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mesenchyme
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What is mesenchyme composed of?
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mesenchymal cells and a gel ground substance with reticular fibers
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describe mesenchymal cells
- nucleus shape - nucleolus - cytoplasm - mitosis frequency |
- ovoid
- promanent - sparse and light staining - frequent mitosis |
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Where can you find mesenchymal cells in the adult?
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in the tooth pulp
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What cells arise from mesenchymal cells?
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- osteoblasts
- chondrocytes - fibroblasts - endothelial - mesothelial |
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What is another type of embrionic connective tissue?
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musus connective tissue
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Mucus connective tissue also called what and is found where?
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Wharton's jelly; found in umbillica cord
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Loose connective tissue is found where?
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-dermis
-mesothelium -adventitia of blood vessels -stroma of glands -lamina propria of digestive -respiratory tracts |
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Loose connective tissue is composed of what types of fibers?
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Collagen
Reticular Elastic |
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What cells are present in Loose connective tissue?
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Macrophages
mast cells adipocytes undifferentiated cells |
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Loose connective tissue is primarly what?
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ground substance and tissue fluid
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Loose connective tissue is also called what?
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areoloar
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Dense connective tissue composed of (relative to loose CT)
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more fibers and less ground substance.
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What is the arrangement of dense irregular connective tissue?
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fibers have multiple orintations
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What is the purpose of dense irregular connective tissue?
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serves to resist stress in all directions
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dense irregular connective tissue found where?
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found in dermis of skin, sheaths of nerves, capsule of spleen, testes, ovaries, kidneys, and lymph nodes
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What is the structure of dense regular collagenous tissue?
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parallel collagen fibers
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What is the role of dense regular collagenous tissue?
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to give tensile strength
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Where is dense regular collagenous tissue found?
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tendons, ligaments, aponeurosis
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What is the structure of dense regular elastic tissue?
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mostly elastic fibers with little collagen
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Where is dense regular elastic connective tissue found?
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found in blood vessels, ligamentum flavum (of vertebral column), suspensory ligament of penis
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What is the structure of reticualr connective tissue?
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a meshwork of type III collagen fibers
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What is the role of reticular connective tissue?
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supports paraychema of:
-liver sinusoids -adipose tissue -bone marrow -lymph nodes and spleen -smooth muscle -islets of Langerhans |
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adipose tissue made of what?
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adipocytes with connective tissue etc...
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What are some specialized connective tissues?
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blood
lymph bone cartilage |
