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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does ANS stand for?
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Autonomic Nervous system
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What is the etymology of autonomic?
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autos= auto
nomos=law |
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By definition the ANS is purely...
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motor
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How does transmission of a signal from the CNS to an effector differ between the somatic and autonomic divisions of the nervous system (just the most basic difference)?
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it travels through 2 neurons in the ANS, only one in the somatic division
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What do we call the first neuron in an ANS pathway?
Describe its axon |
pre-ganglionic neuron
-myelinated |
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What do we call the second neuron in an ANS pathway?
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Ganglionic neuron
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What do we call the axons of the second neuron in ANS? Describe them.
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post-ganglionic axons
-unmyelinated |
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What are the two major divisions of the ANS?
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Sympathetic
Parasympathetic |
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What is the functional (laymen‘s) name for the sympathetic division?
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fight-or-flight
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What is the anatomically based name for the sympathetic division?
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thoracolumbar
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Where are the cell bodies of the pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons located?
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lateral horns from T1-L2
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What neurotransmitter is generally released by sympathetic post-ganglionic axons?
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NE -norepinephrine
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What are the two types of ganglia in the sympathetic division and where are they located?
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Sympathetictrunk ganglia- parellel to vertebral column
Collateral ganglia- anterior to abdominal aorta |
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What carries sympathetic signals from the spinal nerve to the sympathetic trunk?
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white ramus communicans
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What carries sympathetic signals, destined for glands or peripheral blood vessels in the body wall, which return to a spinal nerve for distribution? ANS
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gray ramus communicans
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How do sympathetic impulses destined for areas outside region of sympathetic impulse origination (T1-L2) get innervated?
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-originate from T1-L2
-enter sympathetic trunk -travel through additional ganglia -every spinal nerve has a gray ramus |
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What do we call the nerves that carry fibers that have passed through the sympathetic trunk without synapsing to the collateral ganglia where they will synapse prior to innervating abdominopelvic viscera?
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splanchnic nerves
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What are the names of the 3 collateral ganglia (we‘ll hit arteries that share these names later)?
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-celiac
-superior mesenteric -inferior mesenteric |
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What endocrine organ is composed of short post-ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division and what neurotransmitters (that act as hormones) are released?
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adrenal medulla
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What are some of the effects of sympathetic stimulation?
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-increase alertness
-increased cardiac/respiratory activity -increase muscle tone -energy mobilization -dilate pupils -ejaculation -constrict peripheral/visceral vessels |
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What is the functional (laymen‘s) name for the parasympathetic division?
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rest-and-digest
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What is the anatomically based name for the parasympathetic division?
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craniosacral division
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Where are the cell bodies of the pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons located?
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brainstem
S2-S4 |
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What cranial nerves transmit parasympathetic impulses?
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-oculomotor
-facial -glossopharyngeal -vagus |
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What neurotransmitter is generally released by parasympathetic post-ganglionic axons?
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Ach-acetylcholine
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Where are the ganglia located in the parasympathetic division?
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near or in the wall of the target organ
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What are some of the effects of parasympathetic stimulation?
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-constrict pupils
-arousal -increase GI mobility -constrict respiratory passages -reduction of heart rate |
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What region of the brain is the integration and command center for autonomic functions acting as a higher center over other autonomic centers and incorporating conscious thought and emotion from the cerebral cortex in its initiation autonomic impulses?
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hypothalamus
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What region of the brain contains autonomic reflex centers that control things such as cardiovascular and respiratory activity, digestive secretion, peristalsis, and urinary function?
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medulla oblongata
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The digestive system is capable of a degree of autonomic self control, independent of the CNS. What is the name of this somewhat independent aspect of the nervous system?
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enteric nervous system
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