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112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What spaces store milk in the mammary gland?
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Lactiferous sinus ( = glands sinus + teat sinus)
aka milk cistern |
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What passages lead from the teat sinus to the outside?
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Teat canal
aka papillary duct |
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Generally where do the mammary glands' lymphatics drain?
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Cdl: supf inguinal ln
Cr: axillary ln |
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What main vessels supply the mammary glands?
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cr & cd supf epigastric
lateral thoracic |
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What is the caudal free edge of the aponeurosis of EAO extending from the tuber coxae around the iliopsoas muscle to the prepubic tendon?
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inguinal lg
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What is the rectus sheath?
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aponeuroses of abdominal mm around the rectus abdominis; fuse at linea alba
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What is the width of the linea alba?
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cranially it's wide (1 cm)
caudally it is barely visible |
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What is the deep fascia of the back?
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ThoracoLumbar fascia
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What innervates the abdominal muscles?
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Ventral branches of spinal nn
(thoracic & lumbar nn) |
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What are the parts of the diaphragm?
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Outer = muscular
Inner-dorsal = crura & tendinous center |
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List the openings through the diaphram
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"ACE"
aortic caval foramen esophageal hiatus |
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What passes thru the openings of the diaphragm?
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Aortic: AAC (aorta, azygous, cisterna chyli/thoracic duct)
Caval foramen: cd vena cava Esophageal hiatus: esophagus & vagal trunks |
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Name two sublumbar muscles
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psoas minor & major
quadratus lumborum |
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How does the cavity of the bony thorax relate to the thoracic cavity?
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Larger.
Dome of diaphragm extends into bony thorax to 6th ICS (encases abdomen) |
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What are the cr & cd boundaries of the abdominal cavities?
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Cr = diaphragm
Cd = pelvic inlet |
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List the parts of the abdominal tubular GI tract from orad --> aborad
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abdominal esophagus
stomach duodenum jejunum ileum cecum colon rectum anus |
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list the parts of abdominal GI tract including accessory organs from orad --> aborad
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abdominal esophagus
stomach duodenum liver gall bladder (common) bile duct pancreas pancreatic ducts jejunum ileum cecum colon rectum anus |
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List the main structures found in the left cranial quadrant of the abdomen? (6)
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diaphragm
left lobe of liver fundus/body of stomach cranial lobe of L kidney spleen left limb of pancreas |
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List structures crossing the midline between the L & R cranial quadrants of the abdomen (5)
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body of stomach
transverse colon left limb of pancreas liver diaphragm |
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What main structures are located in the right cranial quadrant of the abdomen? (8)
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diaphragm
caudal lobe of liver descending duodenum epiploic foramen pylorus R adrenal gland cranial lobe of R kidney right limb/body of pancreas |
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What major structures are located in the right caudal quadrant of the abdomen? (8)
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Descending duodenum
cecum caudal pole of R kidney ureter ovary uterine horn ductus deferens vaginal ring |
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List structures crossing the midline between left and right caudal quadrants of the abdomen (6)
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urinary bladder
prostate (if enlarged) uterine body terminal branches of aorta caudal flexure of duodenum ileum |
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What main structures are found in the left caudal quadrant of the abdomen? (8)
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descending colon
mesocolon cd mesenteric a ureter ovary uterine horn ductus deferens vaginal ring |
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Where is the fundus of the stomach located?
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left cranial / dorsal abdomen
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What are the attachments of the greater omentum?
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greater curvature & dorsal abdominal wall
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What peritoneum connects the stomach and duodenum to the liver?
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lesser omentum
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Name the longitudinal folds of the stomach mucosa.
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stomach rugae
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Where is the stomach located?
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cranially, behind the liver.
depending on how full it is, it can extend 1/2way between the xiphoid & pubis |
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What connecting peritoneums suspend the duodenum?
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mesoduodenum
duodenocolic lgg |
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Where are the anal sacs in relationship to the anal sphincters?
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between the int & ext anal sphincters
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What is the functional input & exit of the liver?
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porta
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Name the four lobes of the liver
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Right (med & lat)
Left ( " " ) Quadrate Caudate (caudate & papillary processes) |
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Where is the liver located?
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Cranial abdomen abutting diaphragm.
It is almost completely intrathoracic. |
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The renal impression is in which liver lobe? On which side of the liver?
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R side-- caudate lobe (caudate process)
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What lg of the liver originates from the coronary lg and extends to the sternal part of the diaphragm?
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falciform lg
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What lg attaches the liver to the stomach?
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lesser omentum
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Name the 4 lgg attaching the liver to the diaphragm
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coronary
L & R triangular lgg falciform |
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The (common) bile duct enters the duodenum at the ______ along w/ the ______ duct.
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major duodenal papilla
pancreatic |
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What carries bile to and from the gall bladder?
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cystic duct
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What is the structural unit of the liver
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lobule
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The _______ cells are arranged radially around the liver sinusoids.
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hepatic
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What spaces bathe the hepatic cells?
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liver sinusoids
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What small tubules collect bile from the hepatic cells?
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bile canaliculi
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Compare the direction of flow in the liver sinusoids & bile canaliculi.
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opposite directions
blood --> caudal vena cava bile --> porta |
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What do the liver sinusoids form that join the hepatic veins?
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Central veins
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List the parts of the pancreas and their locations.
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R limb = mesoduodenum
Body = near pylorus L limb = deep leaf of grater omentum |
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With what two abdominal organs is the spleen closely associated?
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stomach & greater omentum
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Where are the dorsal & ventral ends of the spleen located?
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dorsal = on Left (fixed to greater curvature)
ventral = variable |
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What is the elongated area of the spleen where vessels enter?
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hilus
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What arteries pass from the spleen to the fundus of the stomach?
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short gastric aa
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What is a serous membrane?
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A thin, continuous membrane lining a closed cavity & covering its organs.
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Of what does the serosa consist?
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mesothelium (simple squamous) backed by CT
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What is mesothelium?
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the epithelium of serosa
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Name the serous membrane of the pericardium.
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serous pericardium
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What is the CT around an organ that is not in a body cavity called?
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Adventitia
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What is the CT around an organ that is in a body cavity?
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serosa
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What do clinicials usually call the visceral serosa of an organ?
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serosa
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List 3 different types of peritoneum.
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parietal
visceral connecting |
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List 3 or 4 types of connecting peritoneum.
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1. mesenteries
2. omenta 3. lgg 4. folds |
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What peritoneum connects the liver and the ventral abdominal wall?
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falciform lg
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How many layers are in the different classifications of peritoneum?
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parietal & visceral = 1
connecting = 2 |
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What does a fold of peritoneum connect?
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2 visceral layers of peritoneum
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What is the peritoneal cavity?
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potential space between parietal & visceral peritoneum
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What is in the peritoneal cavity?
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scant amount of serous fluid
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Name two subdivisions of the peritoneal cavity.
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ovarian bursa & omental bursa
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Is the peritoneal cavity open to the outside of the animal?
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yes, uterine tube
(not in male) |
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What is the diverticulum of the peritoneal cavity?
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vaginal cavity
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How are the pouches of the peritoneal cavity formed?
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caudal reflections of peritoneum between organs of the pelvis
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List the 3 pouches of the peritoneum
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RVP
rectogenital vesicogenital pubovesical |
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What is between the two leaves of the greater omentum?
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omental bursa
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What does the lesser omentum connect?
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Liver to lesser curvature & duodenum
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What is the opening into the omental bursa from the peritoneal cavity?
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epipolic foramen
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Give the location of the epliploic foramen into the omental bursa.
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Ventromedial to caudate lobe, between cd vena cava & portal v.
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Why is the omentum called the "policeman of the abdomen?"
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walls off infection
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What are located in the free edges of the lateral ligaments of the urinary bladder?
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round lgg of bladder or umbilical aa
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What is in the free edge of the middle lg of the bladder?
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urachus (or remnant of urachus)
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What is a mesentery?
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connecting peritoneum bw an organ's visceral & parietal peritoneum
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What are the 2 functions of the mesenteries?
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suspend organ
path for vessels & nn to organ |
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Name the four unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta
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celiac
cr mesenteric cd mesenteric medican sacral a |
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What do the celiac, cr & cd mesenteric aa supply?
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visceral drained by portal vein.
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What structures does the celiac artery supply?
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cranial viscera (stomach, liver, spleen, & part of duodenum)
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What are the 3 branches of the celiac artery?
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splenic
hepatic left gastric |
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What main arteries send branches to the pancreas?
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celiac & cr mesenteric
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What is the bld supply to the intestine?
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cr & cd mesenteric aa
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What are the numerous vessels to the jejunum?
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jejunal aa from cr mesenteric a
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How do the jejunal aa terminate to supply the jejunum?
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form arcades & vasa recti to jejunum
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What vessels supply the fundus of the stomach?
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short gastric aa (from splenic a)
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How are the ovarian aa located?
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Lift up ovary & look for vessels in mesovarium.
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How are the testicular aa located in the abdomen?
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passing caudal to kidney to vaginal ring
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How is the caudal vena cava formed?
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ext & int iliac vv --> 2 common iliac vv, which unite.
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What are the 4 primary abdominal organs not drained by the portal vein?
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1. kidneys
2. adrenal glands 3. gonads 4. liver |
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Why aren't the kidneys, adrenals, and gonads drained by the portal vein?
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their hormones would be destroyed by the liver
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Where does the left gonadal vein empty?
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left renal vein
(not caudal vena cava) |
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To where does the lymph from the pelvic limbs, pelvis, and abdomen drain?
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cisterna chyli
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What lymphatic vessel drains the lymph from the cisterna chyli?
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thoracic duct
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What are the large lymph nodes beneath the termination of the aorta?
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medial iliac ln
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What are the intestinal lymphatic vessels that absorb fat?
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lacteals
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What directions do the ventral branches of the spinal nerves travel?
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caudoventral
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What is the symp inn. to the abdomen? (4)
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1. sympathetic trunk
2. splanchnic nn. 3. collateral ganglion 4. plexuses |
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What is the parasympathetic inn. to the abdomen? (2)
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Vagus (thru transverse colon)
Pelvic n (desc colon) |
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Where are the collateral ganglia of the sympathetic division located?
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near branches of the abdominal aorta
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What gland is part of the symp ANS?
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adrenal glands (medulla)
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What makes up the parenchyma of the kidney?
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outer cortex & inner medulla
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What is the expanded proximal end of ureters?
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renal pelvis
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What is the longitudinal ridge projecting into the renal pelvis?
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renal crest
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Where does urine drip from the kidney?
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renal crest
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Which species has capsular veins on the outside of its kidneys?
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cats!
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What parts of the renal pelvis surrounds the pseudopapillae?
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pelvic recesses / diverticulae
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What are the parts of the urinary bladder?
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neck
body apex |
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How do ureters pass thru the bladder wall & why?
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oblique angle (to prevent backflow)
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Where is the trigone of the urinary bladder?
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dorsal internal area between 2 ureteral openings & opening of urethra
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What non-nephrotic structure carries urine from the nephron to the renal pelvis?
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collecting ducts
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