Anat 403 Review Questions

Front 1

in what area is a spinal tap done?

Back 1

L3-L5

Front 2

what is the conus medullaris?

Back 2

connective tissue that is at the end of the spinal cord

Front 3

the term for paralysis of the lower extremities is?

Back 3

paraplegia

Front 4

Lateral corticospinal nerve impulses from ____ to __.

Back 4

motor cortexto distal parts of free limbs

Front 5

anterior corticospinal conveys nerve impulses from ____ to _____.

Back 5

motor cortex to trunk and proximal parts of the free limbs

Front 6

corticobulbar conveys nerve impulses from ____ to ____.

Back 6

motor cortex to head and neck

Front 7

what order(1st, 2nd, 3rd) of neurons cross over to the opposite side before reaching the thalamus?

Back 7

2nd

Front 8

where is the referred pain for the heart?

Back 8

left chest, down the left medial side of the arm to the pinky

Front 9

what part of the brain are perceptions intergrated?

Back 9

cerebral cortex

Front 10

what are nociceptors?

Back 10

receptors for pain

Front 11

Nociceptors are found in every organ, but?

Back 11

the brain

Front 12

What spinothalamic tract carries pain?

Back 12

lateral

Front 13

where are proprioceptors found?

Back 13

muscle spindles, tendon organs, hair cells of the inner ear

NOT the hair root plexus

Front 14

what spinothalamic tract carries tickle?

Back 14

anterior

Front 15

what spinothalamic tract carries itch?

Back 15

anterior

Front 16

sympathetic innervation can be found in what region of the body?

Back 16

thoracolumbar

Front 17

parasympathetic innervation can be found in what region of the body?

Back 17

craniosacral.
4

Front 18

White ramus is found in what region of the body?

Back 18

thoracic and upper lumbar

Front 19

sympathetic is rest-n-digest or fight-or-flight?

Back 19

fight or flight

Front 20

During fight or flight, what happens to the pupils and airways?

Back 20

they dilate

Front 21

What is an epidural hematoma?

Back 21

bleeding in the skull

Front 22

name the cranial nerves

Back 22

Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlea, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestiblocochlear, Glossopharyneal, Vagus, Accessory, Hypoglossal

Front 23

Sensory, Motor, or Both for the cranial nerves

Back 23

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Breasts Mean More

Front 24

what cranial nerves are under the parasympathic system?

Back 24

3, 7, 9, 10

Front 25

the oculomotor nerve affects what muscles?

Back 25

ciliary

Front 26

What are the functions of the facial nerve?

Back 26

supply tears, salivary and nasal secretions

Front 27

In the glossopharyneal nerve, the otic ganglion supplies what?

Back 27

parotid salivary gland

Front 28

Vagus nerve affects what region of the body?

Back 28

below the neck, heart, pulmonary, GI

Front 29

Cranial nerve 7 serves what part of the tongue?

Back 29

anterior 2/3s

Front 30

What cranial nerve serves the posterior third of the tongue?

Back 30

9

Front 31

what cranial nerve serves the palate and epiglottis?

Back 31

10

Front 32

In a 3-4 week old embryo what region will develop into the hindbrain?

Back 32

rhombencephalon

Front 33

trigeminal nerve comes off of what part of the CNS?

Back 33

pons

Front 34

The vagus nerve comes off of what part of the CNS?

Back 34

medulla oblongata

Front 35

hypoglossal nerve conducts what set of muscles?

Back 35

tongue

Front 36

What connects the lateral ventricle and 3rd ventricle in the brain?

Back 36

interventricular foramen

Front 37

what connects the 3rd ventricle and the cerebral aqueduct in the CNS?

Back 37

cerebral aqueduct/aqueduct of the midbrain

Front 38

cerebellum helps provide what?

Back 38

smooth, coordinated body movement

Front 39

postcentral gyrus is sensory or motor?

Back 39

motor

Front 40

precentral gyrus is sensory or motor

Back 40

sensory

Front 41

How are the ciliary muscles and lens related?

Back 41

changes in ciliary muscles -> changes in zonular fibers -> changes shape in lens

Front 42

For the eye, parasympathetic constricts or dilates?

Back 42

constricts

Front 43

what is at the exact visual axis of the eye?

Back 43

central fovea

Front 44

where in the retina has the sharpest resolution?

Back 44

central fovea

Front 45

where is the fovea centralis? and what type of photoreceptors does it contain?

Back 45

in the macula lutea, and only contains cones

Front 46

flow of tears: lacrimal gland -> lacrimal ducts-> superior or inferior lacrimal canal -> lacrimal sac -> __________ -> nasal caivity

Back 46

nasolacrimal duct

Front 47

function of the tensor tympani muscle

Back 47

limits movement and increases tension on the eardrum

Front 48

function of the stapedius muscle

Back 48

dampens large vibrations of the stapes due to loud noise, to protect the oval window

Front 49

what two areas does the auditory tube aka pharynogotympanic tube aka eustachian tube connect?

Back 49

middle ear and nasopharynx

Front 50

The olfactory epithelium is in what part of the nasal chamber?

Back 50

posterior

Front 51

What does the hypothalamus regulates?

Back 51

sex drive, thirst, hunger, sleep cycles, temperature, growth, smooth mm

Front 52

What two hormones does the posterior pituitary produce?

Back 52

AVP, OT

Front 53

Reaction for T3, T4

Back 53

Hypothalamus (TRH) -> Pituitary (TSH) -> Thyroid gland (T3, T4)

Front 54

what is hypothyroidism called in adults? in children?

Back 54

adult - myxedema
children - cretinism

Front 55

what gland has control over the metabolic rate?

Back 55

thyroid gland

Front 56

what two glands are independent?

Back 56

thymus and adrenal glands

Front 57

what hormone produces anti-inflammatory action and initially increases antibody release?

Back 57

cortisol

Front 58

what does aldosterone(ADH) do to potassium and hydrion ions?

Back 58

ADH enhances excretion of K+ and H+

Front 59

definition of pulmonary ventilation

Back 59

breathing

Front 60

definition of external respiration

Back 60

exchange of gases between air and blood

Front 61

definition of internal respiration

Back 61

exchange of gases between blood and tissues

Front 62

Of the pulmonary system, what is the respiratory portion?

Back 62

lungs
rest is conducting airways

Front 63

What is the purpose of the conducting airways?

Back 63

moisten, warm, filter, and conduct air

Front 64

How many lobes does the left lung have? the right?

Back 64

left - 2
right - 3

Front 65

mechanism of inspiration

Back 65

contraction of diaphragm -> flattens dome -> increase volume of chest -> pressure inside the body is less than pressure outside of the body -> air flows in

Front 66

True or False: Large intestine is not part of chemical digestion

Back 66

true

Front 67

what type of teeth are children missing?

Back 67

premolars

Front 68

What are the zones/parts of the stomach?

Back 68

cardiac, body, pyloric

Front 69

what cell releases HCl in the stomach?

Back 69

parietal

Front 70

definition of brush border

Back 70

hair-like projections of the cell membrane of villi, in the small intestine. they increase surface area

Front 71

T/F: sympathetic synapse at the celiac ganglia.

Back 71

true

Front 72

what is chymotrypsin

Back 72

an enzyme that breaks down protins. endopeptidase

Front 73

name the regions of the large intestine

Back 73

cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum

Front 74

where are the teniae coli found? and what are their function?

Back 74

Teniae coli are found in the large intestine.
Their function is to produce long and powerful peristalsis

Front 75

T/F: It is possible to draw a horizontal line through one kidney and not the other.

Back 75

true, the right is lower than the left

Front 76

what fills the renal sinus cavity?

Back 76

the drainage system: major & minor calyces, renal pelvis, and fat

Front 77

where in the nephron does the filtration of blood occur?

Back 77

glomerular capillaries

Front 78

Where is renin produced?

Back 78

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Front 79

What side (anterior/posterior) do the ureters enter the bladder?

Back 79

posterior

Front 80

function of the tunica vaginalis

Back 80

allows for easier movement of testes within scrotum

Front 81

where do the testes develop?

Back 81

near the kidney on the posteior abdominal wall

Front 82

what hormone do leydig cells secrete?

Back 82

testosterone

Front 83

What are the effects of testosterone? 3 things

Back 83

Stimulation of descent of testes before birth. Regulation of spermatogenesis. Stimulation of development and maintenance of male secondary characteristics (deep voice, male hair pattern, muscle, and fat distribution)

Front 84

what hormone stimulates the Leydig cells to make testosterone?

Back 84

LH

Front 85

what two hormones stimulate sertoli cells to stimulate spermatogenesis?

Back 85

FSH and testosterone

Front 86

what is the pathway of sperm from ducts to testis?

Back 86

seminiferous tubes, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urthra

Front 87

what is the normal sperm count?

Back 87

50 to 150 million/ml

Front 88

what day of the menstrual cycle is there an LH surge?

Back 88

14

Front 89

follicles produce what hormone?

Back 89

estrogen

Front 90

corpus luteum produce what hormone?

Back 90

progesterone

Front 91

what is the name of the narrowest part of the fallopian tube?

Back 91

isthmus

Front 92

what is the position of the uterus?

Back 92

anteriorly and superiorly over the urinary bladder

Front 93

what does the urogenital triangle contain?

Back 93

external genitals and urethral opening

Front 94

what does the anal triangle contain?

Back 94

anus