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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anaphylaxis What is an antigen – what does it do?
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A substance that enters the body triggering the antibody generation.
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Anaphylaxis What is an allergen?
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An allergen is an antigen that triggers an excessive and detrimental immune reaction.
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Anaphylaxis What are the 2 major actions of histamine?
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Dilates large blood vessels and opens small holes in capillaries so antibodies (large proteins) can pass more easily. Constricts smooth muscle in bronchiole airways and the GI tract to restrict entry of antigens.
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Anaphylaxis How do we treat for anaphylaxis?
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Position – if patient is comfortable then lying on back with legs raised is best. Provide O2 – if patient is unconscious with breathing difficulty use BVM. Can also give salbutamol but don’t delay adrenaline. Adrenaline – administer Epipen. SitRep as soon as anaphylaxis is confirmed.
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Anaphylaxis What is anaphylaxis?
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A severe, life-threatening, allergic reaction
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Anaphylaxis Describe the process of anaphylaxis following exposure to allergen.
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Antigen introduced into body Antigen/antibody reaction on surface of mast cell Release of mast cell chemical mediators Positive feedback loop Chemical mediators exert their influence on end organs.
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Anaphylaxis Possible anaphylaxis signs and symptoms
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Rash (urticaria). Swelling (angioedema). Hypotension. Laryngeal oedema (hoarse voice/stridor) Runny nose (rhinitis) Wheeze (bronchospasm) Abdominal pain Nausea and vomiting
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Anaphylaxis When do we say a patient has anaphylaxis and administer adrenaline?
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If there’s breathing difficulty or inadequate perfusion or altered conscious state with facial swelling and allergic rash
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Anaphylaxis Why is adrenaline the drug of choice for anaphylaxis?
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Stabilises mast cells preventing further release of mediators. Causes vasoconstriction: opposes vasodilation from anaphylaxis. Causes brochodilation: opposes bronchoconstriction from anaphylaxis. Stabilises mast cells/Vasoconstriction/Bronchodilation
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Anaphylaxis What is the presentation/dose of the adrenaline auto-injector for adults and paediatrics?
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Epi-pen Adult Adrenaline Auto Injector 0.3mg (= 300 mcg) > 5yrs / 20Kg Epi-pen Junior Adrenaline Auto-injector 0.15 mg (= 150 mcg) < 5 yrs / 20Kg
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Anaphylaxis What are the side effects of adrenaline?
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Tachycardia Hypertension Dilated pupils Anxiety/palpitations
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