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253 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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-algia
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pain
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osteo-
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Prefix that means bone
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otalagia
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earache
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ophthalmologist
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eye doctor
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ilium
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a part of the hip bone
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ileum
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refers to a part of the small intestine
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urethra
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the tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
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ureter
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one of the two tubes each leading from a single kidney & inserting into the urinary bladder
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hepatitis
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inflamation of the liver
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root
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foundation of the word
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hemat
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means blood
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suffix
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is the word ending
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-logy
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process of study
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combining vowel (usually "O")
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no meaning of its own; it joins one word part to another
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hematology
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process of study of blood
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electr
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electricity
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cardi
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heart
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-gram
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record
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electrocardiogram
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record of the electricity in the heart
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gastr
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stomach
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-itis
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inflammation
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gastritis
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inflammation of the stomach
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enter
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intestines
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-ology
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proccess of study
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prefix
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word beginning
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combining form
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combination of the root & the combing vowel
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sub
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prefix (under)
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ic
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suffix (pertaining to)
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epi
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prefix (above)
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subgastric
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pertaining to UNDER the stomach
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epigastric
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pertaining to ABOVE the stomach
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gastroenterology
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proccess of study of stomach & intestines
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aden/o
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gland
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arthr/o
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joint
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bi/o
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prefix meaning life
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carcin/o
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cancerous, cancer
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cephal/o
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head
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epithelial
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surface or skin
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-opsy
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(suffix) means process of viewing
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biopsy
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viewing under a microscope of living tissue that is removed from the body
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biology
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study of process or condition of life
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cerebr/o
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cerebrum (largest part of the brain)
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cis/o
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to cut
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crin/o
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to secrete (to form & give off)
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cyst/o
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urinary bladder; a sac or a cyst (sac containing fluid)
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cyt/o
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cell
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derm/o
dermat/o |
skin
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encephal/o
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brain
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erythr/o
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red
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-ectomy
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suffix meaning excision or removal
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-cyte
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suffix meaning cell
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EEG
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electroencephalogram
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ECG (sometimes called EKG)
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electrocardiogram
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in-
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prefix meaning into
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ex-
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prefix meaning out
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adenitis
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inflamation of a gland
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arthritis
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inflamation of the joint
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cardiology
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the study of the heart
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adenoma
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tumor of a gland
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-oma
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suffix meaning tumor or mass
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-y
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final suffix meaning process or condition
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cystoscopy
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the suffix -scopy means process (y) of visual examination (scop).
Visual process examination of the urinary bladder or sac or cyst filled with fluid |
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dermatitis
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inflammation of the skin
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endrocrine glands
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endo- (thyroid, pituitary, & adrenal glands) secrete hormones directly within (into) the bloodstream
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exocrine glands
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secrete chemicals (saliva, sweat, tears) through tubes (ducts) to the outside of the body
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-al
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means pertaining to
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vascul/o
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blood vessels
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CVA (stand for?) (meaning?)
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cerebrovascular accident (stroke) occurs when damage to blood vessels in the cerebrum causes injury to nerve cells of the brain
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-ion
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suffix means process
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gnos/o
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knowledge
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hypodermic
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Pertaining to under the skin
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dia-
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prefix that means complete
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-sis
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suffix meaning state or condition of
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diagnosis
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made after sufficient information has been obtained about the patient's condition. It is a "state of complete knowledge."
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pro-
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prefix meaning before " knowledge before"
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prognosis
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is a prediction about the outcome of an illness, but it is always given after the diagnosis has been determined
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gynec/o
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woman, female
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gynecology
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study of women, female
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neur/o
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nerve
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neurology
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the study of nerves
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onc/o
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tumor
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ophthalm/o
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eye
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nephritis
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inflammation of the kidney
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-ist
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suffix meaning one who specializes in a field of medicine (or other profession)
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ophthalmoscope
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an instrument used for a visualization examination of the eye
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-scope
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the suffix meaning an instrument for visual examination
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path/o
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disease
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pathology
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the study of disease
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iatr/o
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treatment, physician
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-genic
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suffix means pertaining to producing, produced by or produced in.
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leuk/o
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white
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leukocyte
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this blood cell helps the body fight disease
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endrocrine gland in the neck
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thyroid
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control center of the cell
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nucleus
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internal organs
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viscera
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windpipe
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trachea
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ureter
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tube connecting the kidneys & urinary bladder
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pleura
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the double-layered membrane surrounding the lung
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pituitary
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the gland at the base of the brain that secretes growth hormone,thyroid-stimulating hormone & hormones that affect the ovaries & testes
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lith/o
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stone
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osteoarthritis
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degenerative joint disease caused by the wearing away of tissue around joint "inflammation of the bones & joints"
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aut-, auto-
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prefix meaning self, own
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dia-
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prefix meaning complete, through
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pro-
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prefix meaning before
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a-, an-
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prefix meaning no, not, without
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hyper-
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prefix meaning excessive, above, more than normal
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hypo-
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prefix meaning deficient, below, less than normal
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epi-
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prefix meaning above, upon
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end-, endo-
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prefix meaning within
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retro-
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prefix meaning behind
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trans-
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prefix meaning across, through
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peri-
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prefix meaning surrounding
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ex-, exo-
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prefix meaning out
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sub-
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prefix meaning below, under
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re-
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prefix meaning back
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cerebr/o
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cerebrum, largest part of the brain
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cephal/o
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head
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arthr/o
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joint
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carcin/o
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cancer, cancerous
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cyst/o
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urinary bladder
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cyt/o
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cell
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derm/o or dermat/o
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skin
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encephal/o
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brain
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electr/o
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electricity
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-oma
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suffix meaning tumor, mass, swelling
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-al
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suffix means pertaining to
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-itis
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suffix means inflammation
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-logy
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suffix meaning process of study
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-scopy
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suffix meaning process of visual examanation with an endoscope
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-ic
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pertaining to
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-gram
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record
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-opsy
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process of viewing
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sect/o
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to cut
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thromb/o
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clot, clotting
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radi/o
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x-rays
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ped/o
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child
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path/o
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disease
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ophthalm/o
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eye
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leuk/o
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white
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iatr/o
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treatment, physician
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hem/o
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blood
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hemat/o
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blood
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gynec/o
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woman, female
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gnos/o
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knowledge
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nephr/o
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kidney
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neur/o
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nerve
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-opsy
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process of viewing
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-ion
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process
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-ist
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specialist
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-ac
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pertaining to
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-al
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pertaining to
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-genic
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pertaining to producing, produced by, or produced in
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-globin
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protein
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-ic
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pertaining to
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-ical
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pertaining to
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-ion
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process
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-logy
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process of study
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-osis
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condition, usually abnormal (slight increase in numbers when used with blood cells)
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-y
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process, condition
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-tomy
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process of cutting, incision
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-sis
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state of; condition
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-scope
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instrument to visually examine
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a-, an-
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no, not, without
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aut-, auto-
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self, own
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dia-
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through, complete
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end-, endo-
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within
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anemia
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a decreased number of erythrocytes or an abnormality of the hemoglobin (a chemical) within the red blood cells
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anemia causes?
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results in decreased delivery of oxygen to cells of the body. (Anemic patients look so pale that early physicians thought they were literally "without blood")
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autopsy
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"process of viewing by oneself"
Autopsy is the examination of a dead body with one's own eyes to determine the cause of death and nature of disease |
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epi-
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above, upon
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ex-
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out
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exo-
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outside of, outward
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in-
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into, in
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peri-
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surrounding, around
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pro-
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before, forward
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re-
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back, backward, again
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retro-
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behind
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sub-
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below, under
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trans-
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across, though
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meta-
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change
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bol-
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to cast
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-ism
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process
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anabolism
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process of building up complex materials (proteins) from simple materials
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metabolism
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what catabolism & anabolism working together make, metabolism
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cell membrane
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structure surrounding all protecting the cell. it determines what enters & leaves the cell
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chromosomes
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rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. there are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg & sperm cells, which contain on 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes
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cytoplasm
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all the material that is outside the nucleus & yet contained w/ in the cell membrane
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DNA
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chemical food within each chromosome. arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activity of the cell
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endoplasmic reticulum
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structure (canals) within the cytoplasm. site in which large proteins are made smaller protein pieces. RIBOSOMES are found in the endoplasmic reticulum
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genes
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regions of DNA w/in each chromosome
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karyotype
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picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. the chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number & structure
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metabolism
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the total of the chemical processes in a cell. it includes both catabolism & anabolism
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mitochondria
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structure in the cytoplasm in which foods are burned to release energy
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nucleus
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control center of the cell. it contains chromosomess & directs the activities of the cell
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(1) organs of the digestive system?
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mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, intestines (small & large), liver, gallbladder, pancreas
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(2) organs of the urinary or excretory system?
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kidneys, ureters (tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder), urinary bladder, urethra (tube from the bladder to the outside of the body
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(3) organs of the respiratory system?
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nose, pharynx, larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchial tubes, lungs (where the exchange of gases takes place)
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(4) organs of the reproductive system?
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female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus (womb), vagina, mammary glands. male: testes & associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland
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(5) organs of the endocrine system?
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thyroid gland (in the neck), pituitary gland (at the base of the brain), sex glands (ovaries & testes), adrenal glands, pancreas (islets of Langerhans), parathyroid glands
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(6) organs of the nervous system?
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brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collections of nerves.
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(7) organs of the circulatory system?
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heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels & nodes, spleen, thymus gland.
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(8) organs of the musculoskeletal system?
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muscles, bones, & joints.
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(9) skin & sense organs?
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skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, & sebaceous (oil) glands; eye, ear, nose, and tongue
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what are the different types of cells?
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1. Muscle cell. 2. Nerve cell. 3. Epithelial cell. 4. Fat cell.
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hist/o
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tissue
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what are the two types of connective tissues?
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(1). Adipose (fat) tissue. (2). Cartilage (elastic, fibrous tissue attached to bones), bone, & blood.
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tissue
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a group of similar cells working together to do a specific job
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Histologist
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a scientist who specializes in the study of tissues
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What are the different types of tissues?
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epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue, and nerve tissue
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organs are .....?
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structures composed of several types of tissue
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systems are......?
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groups of organs working together to perform complex functions
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medical term for internal organs?
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viscera
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singular word for viscera is....?
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viscus
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examples of abdominal viscera (organs located in the abdomen) are the .......?
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liver, stomach, intestines, pancreas, spleen, & gallbladder
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what tissues are the organ such as the stomach composed of?
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muscle tissue, nerve tissue, & glandular epithelial tissue
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What is the meaning for 'cell' ?
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smallest living unit within the body. The cell is the fundamental unit of all living things (animal or plant). Cells are everywhere in the human body-every tissue, every organ is made up of these individual units.
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similarities in cells.....?
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all cells are similar in that they contain a gelatinous substance composed of water, protein, sugar, acids, fats, & various minerals
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what is the cell membrane?
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not only surrounds & protects the cell but also regulates what passes into & out of the cell
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what is the nucleus?
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it controls the operations of the cell. It directs cell division & determines the structure & function of the cell
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what are chromosomes?
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they are rod-like structures w/in the nucleus. All human body cells--except for the sex cells the egg & sperm (short for spermatozoon)--contain 23 pairs of chrimosomes. Each sperm & each egg cell have only 23 unpaired chromosomes. After an egg & a sperm cell unite to form the embryo, each cell of the embryo, each cell of the embryo then has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
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genes
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regions chromosomes contain are called genes.
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each gene is composed of a chemical called.....?
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DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID)
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DNA regulates what?
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DNA regulates the activities of the cell by its sequence (arrangement into genes) on each chromosome. The DNA sequence resembles a series of recipes in code. The code,when passed out of the nucleus to the rest of the cell, directs the activities of the cell, such as cell division and synthesis of proteins
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How are chromosomes w/in the nucleus analyzed?
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in terms of their size, arrangement, & number
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cyt/o
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means cell
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-plasm
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means formation
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mitochondria
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are small, sausage-shaped bodies that, like miniature power plants, produce energy by burning food in the presence of oxygen
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catabolism
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the chemical process of mitochondria
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cata
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means down
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bol
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means to cast
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-ism
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means to process
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regions of DNA w/in each chromosome ?
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Genes
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small sausage-shaped structures; the place where food is burned to release energy?
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mitochondria
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small sausage-shaped structures; the place where food is burned to release energy?
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mitochondria
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material of the cell located outside the nucleus & yet enclosed by the cell membrane?
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cytoplasm
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canal-like structure in the cytoplasma; the site of the protein synthesis?
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endoplasmic reticulum
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Structure that surrounds & protects the cell?
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cell membrane
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Control center of the cell, containing chromosomes?
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nucleus
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chemical found w/in each chromosome?
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DNA
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rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions called genes?
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chromosomes
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a picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell is a (an)?
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karyotype
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how many chromosomes is in a normal males muscle cell?
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46 (23 pairs)
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how many chromosomes are in a females egg cell?
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23
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The process of building up proteins in a cell is called what?
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anabolism
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The process of chemically burning or breaking down foods to release energy in cells is called what?
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catabolism
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the total of the chemical process in a cell is called what?
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metabolism
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a scientist who studies tissues is a (an)?
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histologist
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the medical term for internal organs is called?
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viscera
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hypochondriac region
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upper right & left region below (hypo-) the cartilage (chondr/o) of the ribs that extend over the abdomen
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what is the meaning & suffix of laryngeal?
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suffix: eal, meaning: pertaining to the voice box.
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what is the suffix & meaning of inguinal?
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suffix: al, meaning: pertaining to the groin.
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suffix & meaning of chronic?
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suffix: ic, meaning: pertaining to time (over a long period of time).
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suffix & meaning of pulmonary?
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suffix: nary, meaning: pertaining to the lung.
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