Analytical Techniques - Exam No.1 Terms

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Genre

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The class/type/category of music (ie. opera, chanson, suite)

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Shape

Back 2

The surface contour of the piece, depends on action and interaction of the qualities of tension and relaxation.
INFLUENCED BY:
Rise and fall of melodic lines, rhythmic activity, dynamics, texture, Instrumentation, Consonance and Dissonance, harmonic rhythm (rate of chord change)

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Form

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Two forms Design and Tonal Structure
Design: organization of elements of music called melody, rhythm, cadences, timbre, texture, and tempo.

TONAL STRUCTURE: Harmonic organization

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Phrase

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The shortest passage of music which , having reached a point of relative repose (cadence) has expressed a more or less complete musical thought.

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Basic Fifth Relationship

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If the roots are a fifth apart, the cadence is stronger.

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PAC

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Position of Root in final tonic - if the phrase concludes with a tonic chord, it will be stronger if the root rather than the third or the fifth, appears in the uppermost voice of this chord.

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caesuras

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light break in the flow of music

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elided cadence

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creates smooth effect - cadence of one phrase to occur simultaneously with the beginning of the next.

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conclusive cadence

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Exert enough conviction or finality to bring a composition to a satisfactory close (vary in strength).

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Authentic Cadence

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A Cadence consisting of a dominant chord followed by a tonic chord (V–I), normally both in root position

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Half Cadence

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Ends on Dominant (V)

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Plagal Cadence

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A subdominant chord followed by a tonic chord (IV–I), normally both in root position.

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Link

Back 13

the stuff between phrases

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Full Cadence

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when the AC is enlarged by a prefix functioning as a preparation to the V.

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Deceptive Cadence

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The V chord is not followed by the expected "I" but by some other chord.

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Chord Succession

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A series of chords moving w/in an area.

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Chord Progression

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Harmonic motion from one area to another.

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Motive

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Short melodic fragment used as a constructional element, must appear atleast twice

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Sequence

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repititon in the same voice at a new pitch level

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Types of Variation

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ornamentation, intervallic change, retrogression, augmentation or diminution

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Retrogression

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When the notes of a passage recur in reverse order.

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Augmentation

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Varies rhythm systematically. Specifically, the duration value of each note is multiplied.

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Diminution

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Duration valuse of each note is divided.

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Tonal sequences

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involve slight changes due to transposition, not an actual variation

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Real Imitation

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motive unchanged by imitating voice

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Free Imitation

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imitating voice changes the motive rhythmically or by intervallic change or ornamentation

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Types of Introductions

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Bar/2 of accompaniment, one or more chords, one or more notes, anticipation of opening motive

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Types of Interpolation

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prolongation

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Types of Extension

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Prolongation of final note or chord, repition of final phrase member

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repition

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same idea stated again

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similar

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Cadences are radically different, they have a different goal.

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varied

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harmonic movement of 2 phrases leads to the same goal

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phrase group

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two different phrases that are similar

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phrase chain

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dissimilar phrases appearing consecutive

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period

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Series of phrases, related by virtue of harmonic organization or tonal structure.

Final phrase of the period completes a harmonic movement that the preceding phrase or phrases had left incomplete.

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complete harmonic movement

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move away from a tonic w/ a return to that tonic via a conclusive cadence

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Interrupted harmonic movement

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(deceptive cadence) passage goes to V but does not reach the final I. Instead returns immediately to the beginning and repeats both the melodic and harmonic movement, altering the ending so that it concluse w/ a final tonic.

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Progressive harmonic movement

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move away from tonic w/o immediate return. May embody real modulation or establishment of only a breif secondary tonic.

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Repeated harmonic movement

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in a period when a harmonic goal of the consequent is reached by the antecedent

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antecedent

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first phrase of a music period

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consequent

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second of 2 similar music phrases, the answer

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Open

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harmonically incomplete, continuous

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Closed

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Contains w/in self a complete harmonic movement, sectional

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Binary

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musical form made up of 2 sections

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Ternary

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three section form, A usually repeated

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Unique Forms

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Forms observed in few compositions