Analysis Of Movement - Chapter 1

Front 1

Anatomical position

Back 1

Front 2

Fundamental position

Back 2

Front 3

Anterior

Back 3

To the front

Front 4

Posterior

Back 4

To the rear, behind.

Front 5

Superior

Back 5

Abover, towards the head

Front 6

Inferior

Back 6

Below, towards the feet

Front 7

Lateral

Back 7

Away from mid-line

Front 8

Medial

Back 8

Towards the midline

Front 9

Distal

Back 9

Away from the trunk or center

Front 10

Proximal

Back 10

Toward the trunk or center

Front 11

Superficial

Back 11

Closer to the surface or skin

Front 12

Deep

Back 12

Further from the surface or skin

Front 13

What is Kinesiology

Back 13

The study of movement

Front 14

What is Biomechanics?

Back 14

The use of mechanical principles to study the human body.

Front 15

What is kinematics?

Back 15

The time, space and mass aspects of moving systems.

Front 16

In which ways does motion occur?

Back 16

Parallel to the planes, around the corresponding axis.

Front 17

What 3 planes does motion occur in?

Back 17

Frontal (coronal), sagittal, horizontal (transverse) plane

Front 18

Frontal plane

Back 18

Divides the body into front and back halfs. Motion occurs side tonside. Includes abduction, adduction, and lateral flexion (side bending.)

Front 19

Sagittal plane

Back 19

Divides body into right and left halfs. Motion occurs forwards and backwards. Includes flexion, extension, and hypertension.

Front 20

Horizontal plane

Back 20

Divides the body into upper and lower halfs. Motion occurs parallel to the ground. Includes medial rotation, external rotation and cervical and trunk rotation.

Front 21

Special cases for planes of movement.

Back 21

Radial deviation, ulnar deviation, ankle plantar flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, ankle inversion, ankle eversion, thumb flexion/extension, thumb abduction/adduction, finger abduction/adduction and toe abduction/adduction.

Front 22

Rotary (angular) motion

Back 22

Takes places around an axis through a curved path. All parts of the object move through the same angle, same direction, at the same time but NOT THE same distance. All joint movement is angular.

Hint 22

Front 23

Translatory (linear) motion

Back 23

Front 24

Curvilinear motion

Back 24

Front 25

Degrees of freedom

Back 25

Front 26

Circumduction

Back 26

Combination motion occurring around 2 or 3 axes. Example: opposition of thumb to other fingers. Abduction/adduction with flexion/extention at the same time.

Front 27

Kinematic chains - closed chain

Back 27

Distal segment of the limb is fixed. If one link moves they all move in a predictable pattern. Example: squating, push ups. All joints work collectively. Mostly lower extremities.

Front 28

Kinematic chains - open chain

Back 28

Distal segment of the limb is not fixed. Segments are free to move individually. Example: wrist flexion, finger flexion, moving knee or ankle when sitting. Mostly upper extremities.

Front 29

Hypermobile

Back 29

More motion allowed at the joint then normal.

Front 30

Hyponormal

Back 30

Less motion allowed at a joint then normal.

Front 31

Bony end feel

Back 31

Hard, abrupt limit to motion. Also known as hard end feel.

Front 32

Capsular end feel

Back 32

Hard, leather like limitation with slight give. Ex: shoulder motions.

Front 33

Empty end feel

Back 33

Lack of mechanical limitation. Motion is limited by pain. This us almost never normal.

Front 34

Springy block end feel

Back 34

Rebound movement at end range usually when there is a torn cartilage.

Front 35

Muscle guarding end feel

Back 35

Reflex muscle spasm during motion. Protective response seen with acute injury.

Front 36

Osteokinematics

Back 36

Gross movements of the bony segments. Ex: flexion/extention, abduction/adduction, medial and lateral rotation. This type of joint movement is voluntary.

Hint 36

Osteo means bone

Front 37

Arthrokinematics

Back 37

Relatively small movements that occur between the articular surfaces of the joint. They are not under voluntary control. "Accessory movements" You can't have osteokinematics without arthrokinematics. Types include rolling, spinning, sliding.

Front 38

Concave

Back 38

Concave means the joint surface moves in the same direction as the osteokinematic motion.

Front 39

Convex

Back 39

Convex means the joint surface s moving in the opposite direction of the osteokinematic motion. Most often motion is convex

Front 40

Basic Biomechanics

Back 40

Hint 40

Front 41

Newton's first law of motion -law of inertia

Back 41

A force is required to start a motion, to change direction, or to stop a motion. A body at rest wants to stay at rest, a body in motion wants to stay in motion.

Front 42

Newton's second law of motion - law or acceleration.

Back 42

The acceleration of a body is proportional to the magnitude of the force acting on it and inversely proportional to the mass of the body. Acceleration equals force divided by mass.

Hint 42

A = F/M

Front 43

Newton's third law of motion - law of action and reaction.

Back 43

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Ex: jumping on a tampoline.

Front 44

Types of forces.

Back 44

Front 45

Gravity

Back 45

Front 46

Lever

Back 46

Simple rigid bar (bone)

Front 47

Fulcrum

Back 47

Point about which the level rotates. (Joint) "axis"

Front 48

Force

Back 48

Creates movement (muscle)

Front 49

Load

Back 49

Resistance (body weight)

Front 50

Force arm

Back 50

Distance between the fulcrum and point of force application

Front 51

Load arm

Back 51

Distance between the fulcrum and the point of load application

Front 52

First class levers

Back 52

Front 53

Second class lever

Back 53

Front 54

Third class lever

Back 54

Front 55

Stability

Back 55

Low center of gravity, wide base of support, gravity line is centrally located, heavy weight.

Front 56

Mobility

Back 56

High center of gravity, narrow base of support, gravity line is centrally located and light weight.

Front 57

Balance

Back 57

Front 58

What is kinetics?

Back 58

The force that causes movement.