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10 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Describe tests for theses gases: oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, chlorine and ammonia

Oxygen: glowing splint should relight


Hydrogen: lit splint will go out with squeaky pop


Carbon dioxide: limewater should turn cloudy


Chlorine: damp UI/Litmus paper should be bleached white


Ammonia: UI / red Litmus paper should turn blue



Describe the chemical test for water

Adding water to anhydrous copper(II) sulphate should turn it from white to blue




CuSO4 (s) + 5H2O (l) → CuSO4 • 5H2O (s)

Describe flame tests for cations

Li + : red flame


Na + : yellow flame


K + : lilac flame


Ca 2+ : brick red flame


Cu 2+ : green flame

Describe a test for the ammonium cations

Add sodium hydroxide solution to the test solution, warm it up, and test with UI paper - it should turn blue




NH4 + OH → NH3 + H2O

Describe a test for the metal cations: Cu 2+, Fe 2+, and Fe 3+

After adding sodium hydroxide solution, ions from the metal solutions join to OH ions from NaOH, forming a precipitate



Cu 2+ : blue, Fe 2+ : green, Fe 3+ : orange/brown



Cu 2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) → Cu(OH)2 (s)

Describe a test for the carbonate anion (CO3 2-)

Add acid, and the gas given off should turn limewater milky (CO2)

Describe tests for the halide anions: Cl-, Br-, and I-

Test with silver nitrate and acidify with nitric acid (to dissolve unwanted precipitates)



Cl- : white precipitate (AgCl)


Br- : cream precipitate (AgBr)


I- : yellow precipitate (AgI)


Ag + (aq) + Cl - (aq) → AgCl (s)

Describe a test for the sulphate anion (SO4 2-)

Add barium chloride and a white precipitate should form




Ba 2+ (aq) + SO4 2- (aq) → BaSO4 (s)

What are a few points to remember in chromatography?

• Never have the water line touching the baseline (in pencil) at the start



• Do not let the solvent front reach the top of the paper



• Dry paper before measuring

What is the equation for retention factor?

Retention factor (Rf) =


distance moved by dye / distance moved by solvent