Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are some gram negative bacteria that cause abcesses?
|
Bacteroides (Ab resistant)
Prevotella/Porphyromonas (ORAL) Fusobacterium |
|
|
What are some gram positive cocci that can cause abscesses?
|
Peptococci
Peptostreptococci |
|
|
What are some gram positive rods that can cause abscesses?
|
Clostridium
Propiobacterium |
|
|
What are propiobacterium infections usually associated with?
|
Prosthetics
|
|
|
Who is at high risk for an abscess?
|
Post surgical px. who has had mucosa penetrated
Px. with penetrating trauma Px. with poor vascular supply |
|
|
In which type of tissue do normal microbiota become pathogenic?
What could cause this? |
Tissues deep to the mucosa where the microbiota normally reside
Causes: break in mucosa, ischemia, necrosis |
|
|
What is the normal evolution of an anaerobic infectioN?
|
1. Aerobes, facultive aerobes grow first
2. Oxygen is depleted 3. Anaerobes dominate! |
|
|
In a physical examination, what is a sign of an abscess?
|
If at the surface, signs of inflammation
If under the surface, tenderess upon palpation |
|
|
What are some typical examples of an abscess?
|
Cervical lymphadentitis
Perirectal abscesses Hepatic abscesses |
|
|
What distinguishes perotinitis from an abscess?
|
Peritonitis is a diffuse infection of the peritoneal wall, while an abscess is a localized infection.
|
|
|
Upon physical examination, what are signs of peritonitis?
|
Rebound tenderness
In bed with legs bent They are upset when you even move the bed |
|
|
What are some of the "tip offs" for an anaerobic infection?
|
SMELLY!
Necrosis Gas Lack of culture growth Next to a mucosal surface Many different bugs on gram stain |
|
|
What are the treatments for an abscess?
|
SURGERY - DRAIN IT AWAY!
|
|
|
What antibiotics are used to treat an abscess?
|
Zosyn - they have beta lactamases
Metronidazole |
|
|
What are the anaerobic bacteria that produce toxins?
|
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium botulinni Clostridium perfringens Clostridium difficile |
|
|
Where do the spores of C. tetani typically live?
|
Soil
GI tract of animals |
|
|
What is the typical clinical picture of a tetanus infection?
|
Puncture wound deep enough to reach anaerobic tissues
|
|
|
What are the local effects of a tetanus infection?
|
Slim to none
Rarely severe |
|
|
Where are the serious effects of C. tetani realized?
|
CNS
Toxin mediated |
|
|
What are the CNS symptoms of C. tetani?
|
Opsithotonos: the slightest stimulus will cause massive muscle contractions
Trismus (lockjaw) Autonomic instability: end up killing the px. |
|
|
What is the treatment for a tetanus infection?
|
SURGERY: DEBRIDE THE WOUND!
Antibiotics to kill the C. tetani GIVE ANTITOXIN! Supportive: keep them in a dark room |
|
|
How can tetanus be prevented?
|
Vaccination!
DTaP |
|
|
Should you give the tetanus immunization injury?
|
YES!
|
|
|
When does C. tetani produce its toxin?
|
In vivo
|
|
|
Where does C. botulinum produce its toxin?
|
In vivo AND IN VITRO!
It is the only one of the Clostridium species that produces its spores in Vitro |
|
|
What are some of the concerns with the C. botulinium toxin?
|
It is heat labile - it the food is not heated properly, you won't inactivate it!
|
|
|
What are some of the "classic" foods associated with the botulinium toxin?
|
Unheated fish (tuna)
Soups (vischysoisse) Poorly heated veggies (green beans, sauteed onions, jalapenos) |
|
|
What is the effect of C. botulinium's toxin?
|
Descending flaccid paralysis.
Starts in the Cranial nerve. Then the autonomics (dilated pupils, dry tongue) Will kill if it gets to the respiratory muscles |
|
|
What is the treatment for someone with Botulinium toxin?
|
Give them antitoxin
|
|
|
What is the prevention against C. botulinum?
|
We don't have a vaccine.
Be sure to cook your food! |
|
|
What organism causes gas gangrene?
|
C. perfringens spores found within the soil.
|
|
|
C. perfringens causes what diseases?
|
Gas gangrene
Abscesses |
|
|
What bacteria causes post-partum or post-abortional death?
|
Clostridium sordelli
|
|
|
Clostridium sordelli causes what types of disease?
|
Septic shock
|
|
|
What is the typical clinical picture of someone with gas gangrene?
|
Traumatic, dirty wound: farm accident, septic abortion, post-op wound infection, perforated colon.
|
|
|
What is the treatment for the disease caused by C. perfringens?
|
Penicillins
Clindamycin SURGICAL DEBRIDEMENT AND AMPUTATION!!! |
|
|
What is the disease caused by Clostridium difficile
|
Pseudomembranous colitis
|
|
|
What is the bacteria that causes pseudomembranous colitis?
|
Clostridium difficile
|
|
|
In what scenario does someone get pseudomembranous colitis?
|
When they're on antibiotics!
|
|
|
What is the typical clinical picture of someone with a disease caused by Clostridium difficile?
|
Watery diarrhea
Very high white count Abdominal pain |
|
|
What are some serious complications from a C. difficile infection?
|
TOXIC MEGACOLON!
Perforation of the colon |
|
|
What techniques are used in the diagnosis of an infection by C. difficile?
|
EIA/PCR against the toxin - not the bacteria.
If you do the test against the bacteria, you can get a false positive; they're a normal inhabitant of the gut. |
|
|
What is the treatment for someone previously on antibiotics who shows high WBC, fever, and abdominal tenderness?
|
C. difficile/Pseudomembranous colitis
Oral Metronidazole/Vancomycin Fidaximicin ($$$) |
|
|
What are some of the more severe/"undesirable" treatments for pseudomembranous colitis?
|
Colectomy
TRANSPOOSIONS! |
|
|
What drugs are B. fragilis resistant to?
|
Penicillin drugs
Ceftizoxime Lincosamides Flouroquinolones |
