An Phys Chem Pt 1

Front 1

What molecule is a polar solvent and tends to interact better with polar molecules

Back 1

WATER

Front 2

What 2 properties make amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleotides soluble in water but not in “lipid” solvents

Back 2

1. are highly polar
2. ionized

Front 3

hydrophilic

Back 3

soluble in polar (water) solvents
insoluable in non polar (lipid)solvents

Front 4

lipophobic

Back 4

insoluable in water
soluble in non-polar solvents

Front 5

Amphipathic molecules

Back 5

contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions in their structures.

Front 6

Examples of amphipathic biomolecules

Back 6

pulmonary surfactants, bile acids and phospholipids

Front 7

How does soap function as an amphipathic substance in industry

Back 7

* Detergent action
– the nonpolar R groups in the soaps bind to lipids in the skin or clothing, the ionized carboxyl group can pull this bound lipid into the water phase

Front 8

Why and how a detergent can kill germs?

Back 8

Lyses the cell membrane and destroys the lipid bi-layer;

Front 9

Why bleach and alcohol can kill bacteria and viruses?

Back 9

Alcohol is amphipathic.

Bleach contains free radicals which kill micro-organisms

Front 10

Structure

Back 10

phospho-lipid

Front 11

Structural confirmation and function of biological membranes:

Back 11

a.Non-covalent assemblies of proteins, lipids, with carbohydrates in a sheet-like structure
b. function as transporters, channels, enzymes, & signal transducers

Front 12

Oligosaccharide chains are attached at outer face of lipids or proteins. What is their purpose?

Back 12

Energy transport and cell membrane operation

Front 13

The plasma membrane core contain what percentage of cholesterol, phospholipids and sphingolipids.

Back 13

1/3 cholesterol
2/3 phospholipids / sphingolipids

Front 14

The outer leaflet contains glycolipids in what percentage.

Back 14

5% glycolipids

Front 15

Sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine are mainly where in the bilayer?

Back 15

the outer face

Front 16

Where are Phosphotidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine found?

Back 16

the inner face of the membrane

Front 17

Name 2 membrane glycolipids

Back 17

cerebrosides and gangliosides

Front 18

TRUE OR FALSE
Membrane lipids spontaneously form bilayers?

Back 18

TRUE

Front 19

What molecules make up the highly polar head of the phosolipid molecule?

Back 19

phosphate, choline, and serine groups of the phosophoglycerides

Front 20

What promotes lipid bilayer from a gel (crystalline) state to fluid state?

Back 20

HEAT

Front 21

What factors affect the fluidity of membrane?

Back 21

Anesthetics
Alcohol
Cholesterol content
Degree of saturation
Heat

Front 22

Amphipathic lipids making up the cell membrane are stabilized by what?

Back 22

hydrophobic interactions
non-covalent bonds
Van der Waals

Front 23

Which is easier for membrane components? Lateral or vertical (flipping) movement and why?

Back 23

lateral
Flipping movement requires hydrophobic components to interact with the lipid area of the bilayer and a transporters (flippase)

Front 24

Name the 2 main functions of the biological membrane.

Back 24

1. Permeability barrier
2. Solvent for membrane proteins

Front 25

Functions of membrane lipids
as a permeability barrier?

Back 25

a. selectively permeable-keeps inside and outside seperate
b. maintains homeostatis
c. creates compartments within cells

Front 26

Functions of membrane lipids as a solvent for membrane proteins to perform other functions:

Back 26

(1)Regulate cell volume
(2)Maintain intracellular pH
(3)Selectively regulate ionic composition
(4)Concentrate metabolic fuel

Front 27

An example of how membranes selectively regulate ionic composition.

Back 27

Sodium-potassium pump

Front 28

An example of how membranes concentrate metabolic fuel.

Back 28

Glucose by glucose transporters

Front 29

Cellular fraction of the blood
1. components
2. what percentage of blood volume

Back 29

a. Erythrocytes (RBC)
Leukocytes (WBC)
Thrombocytes (platelets)
b. 40 - 45%

Front 30

Noncellular fraction of the blood

Back 30

Plasma & serum

Front 31

Major components of plasma

Back 31

Water
Protein
Other

Front 32

Which cell makes up most of the cellular fractions cell mass

Back 32

RBC

Front 33

2 categories of Leukocytes

Back 33

Granulocytes
Agranulocytes

Front 34

Types of Granulocytes (PMN's)

Back 34

Neutrophil
Basophil
Eosinophil

Front 35

Types of Agranulocytes

Back 35

Lymphocyte
Monocyte

Front 36

Fragments of megakaryocytes

Back 36

Thrombocytes/Platelets

Front 37

Serum

Back 37

the overlying extracellular fluid in blood after clot formation

Front 38

Plasma

Back 38

In vitro- the overlying extracellular fluid portion when an appropriate anticoagulant is added to blood

In vivo – extracellular fluid in the blood

Front 39

The chemical components present in the plasma, but not serum, are:

Back 39

(1)Fibrin precursor (fibrinogen)
(2)Added anticoagulant
(3)Unused expendable clotting factors

Front 40

Major components of plasma

Back 40

a.Water (about 93%)
b.Proteins (7% ) [albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen]
c.Smaller m.w. materials
(> 0.1%) [Anabolic constituents, Catabolic products, Electrolytes, hormones, vitamins, and other]

Front 41

Why are lipids not counted in the plasma concentration?

Back 41

Lipids are dissolved into blood concentration but not counted in the plasma concentration bc metabolized and incorporated into globulins by lipoprotein.

Front 42

Majority of serum protein is produced by what organ?

Back 42

Liver

Front 43

Reasons for decreased cellular fraction

Back 43

-Increased destruction
-Non-replacement of cells

Front 44

Reasons for increased cellular fraction

Back 44

- increased cells numbers
- decreased serum/plasma concentration

Front 45

Agitation has more or less effect on WBC verses RBC? Why?

Back 45

-less
-Wbc cytoskeletons are more flexible and can take more pressure/agitation than rbc

Front 46

Explain how the degree of saturation affects membrane fluidity?

Back 46

Cholesteral is composed of long chains of carbon and R groups such as oxygen and hydrogen. If a molecule is fully saturated it has all single bonds between the carbon and R groups. These bonds have very limited flexibility. Double or triple bonds present express degrees of unsaturation and allow for rotation around the bond. Bond rotation increases fluidity.