An Overview Of Anatomy, Physiology, And Pathology

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

is the study of the structure of the body.

Front 2

Physiology

Back 2

is the study of the functions of the body.

Front 3

Cytology

Back 3

is the microscopic study of the structure of cells.

Front 4

Histology

Back 4

is the study of tissue.

Front 5

Developmental Anatomy

Back 5

is the study of the structure from egg to adult form.

Front 6

Embryology

Back 6

is the study of structures from the time of fertilization through the eighth week of gestation.

Front 7

Gross Anatomy

Back 7

refers to structures that can be studied without the aid of a microscope.

Front 8

Pathological Anatomy

Back 8

is the study of changes in structures caused by disease.

Front 9

Regional Anatomy

Back 9

is the study of a specific region of the body, such as the head or lower extremities.

Front 10

Radiographic Anatomy

Back 10

is the study of the body through x-rays.

Front 11

Surface Anatomy

Back 11

is the study of the body through observation and palpation.

Front 12

Systemic Anatomy

Back 12

is the study of specific body systems.

Front 13

Neurophysiology

Back 13

the study of nerves.

Front 14

Cell Physiology

Back 14

the study of cell function.

Front 15

Exercise Physiology

Back 15

the study of the acute responses and long-term adaptations of the body to physical activity or exercise.

Front 16

Abdominal Cavity

Back 16

Holds the digestive organs and the liver and spleen

Front 17

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Back 17

Describes both the abdominal cavity below the diaphragm and the Pelvic Cavity.

Front 18

Pelvic Cavity

Back 18

Holds the urinary bladder, the rectum, and the internal reproductive organs.

Front 19

Thoracic Cavity

Back 19

Protected by the rib cage and contains the vital organs, such as the heart and lungs.

Front 20

Pericardial Cavity

Back 20

Specific cavity within the Thoracic Cavity that protects the heart.

Front 21

Ventral Cavity

Back 21

The combined Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities.

Front 22

Cranial Cavity

Back 22

Houses the brian.

Front 23

Spinal Cavity

Back 23

houses the spinal cord.

Front 24

Dorsal Cavity

Back 24

The combined Cranial and Spinal cavities.

Front 25

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

Back 25

divides the body into anterior and posterior positions.

Front 26

Sagittal Plane

Back 26

divides the body into left and right sections.

Front 27

Midsagittal Plane

Back 27

divides the body into equal left and right sections.

Front 28

Transverse (Horizontal) Plane

Back 28

divides the body into upper and lower sections.

Front 29

Anatomical Position

Back 29

Standing erect, facing forward, arms at side, palms facing forward.

Front 30

Anterior (Ventral)

Back 30

toward the front; in front of

Front 31

Caudal (Inferior)

Back 31

toward the tail; lower

Front 32

Cephalad

Back 32

toward the head; upper

Front 33

Cranial (Superior)

Back 33

toward the head

Front 34

Deep

Back 34

far from the surface

Front 35

Distal

Back 35

away from a point of reference; farthest from the trunk

Front 36

Dorsal (Posterior)

Back 36

toward the back; in back of

Front 37

Inferior (Caudal)

Back 37

toward the tail; lower

Front 38

Lateral

Back 38

away from the midline of the body

Front 39

Medial

Back 39

toward the midline of the body

Front 40

Proximal

Back 40

toward or nearest the trunk or point of reference

Front 41

Superficial

Back 41

near the surface

Front 42

Acute

Back 42

characterized by sudden onset; short lived

Front 43

Aerobe

Back 43

an organism that lives in an oxygen environment

Front 44

Ambulatory

Back 44

able to walk

Front 45

Anaerobe

Back 45

an organism that lives in an oxygen-free environment

Front 46

Anaplasia

Back 46

the irregular structural characteristics of a cell that identify it as a malignant cancer cell

Front 47

Anomaly

Back 47

an abnormal occurrence, especially in reference to birth defects

Front 48

Antibiotic

Back 48

a chemical substance derivable from a mold or bacterium that kills microorganisms and cures infection

Front 49

Antibody

Back 49

a protein produced by the body as part of its defense against foreign bacteria or blood cells

Front 50

Antisepsis

Back 50

the prevention of sepsis by excluding or destroying microorganisms

Front 51

Antiseptic

Back 51

a substance that kills or prohibits the growth of microorganisms

Front 52

Asepsis

Back 52

free from germs

Front 53

Atrophy

Back 53

a wasting away or decrease in size of a cell, tissue, organ, or part of the bod caused by lack of nourishment, inactivity, or loss of nerve supply

Front 54

Autoimmunity

Back 54

a situation in which the body produces an immune response against its own organs or tissues, causing severe inflammation and chronic conditions

Front 55

Bacteria

Back 55

microorganisms capable of reproduction; some strains cause infection (and some are beneficial)

Front 56

Benign

Back 56

referring to a tumor, or abnormal growth, that is not cancerous and does not invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body

Front 57

Chronic

Back 57

slow developing, recurring

Front 58

Degenerative

Back 58

characterized by diminishing capabilities

Front 59

Diagnosis

Back 59

the identification of disease or trauma

Front 60

Disease

Back 60

an impairment of health that interferes with the body's ability to function normally

Front 61

Disinfect

Back 61

the prevention of sepsis by excluding or destroying microorganisms

Front 62

Endemic

Back 62

characterizing a disease that exists in a location or group of people all the time

Front 63

Epidemic

Back 63

a sudden outbreak of disease in numbers much higher than normal

Front 64

Etiology

Back 64

the study of the cause and origin of disease

Front 65

Exacerbation

Back 65

a marked increase in symptoms or severity of disease

Front 66

Fungus

Back 66

a mold, yeast, or mushroom; some fungi are beneficial; some, such as ringworm and athlete's foot, are not

Front 67

Hereditary

Back 67

genetically passed from parent to child

Front 68

Hyperplasia

Back 68

an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue

Front 69

Idiopathic

Back 69

of unknown origin

Front 70

Infection

Back 70

the invasion and growth of microorganisms that may cause cellular injury in tissue

Front 71

Inflammation

Back 71

a protective response from the body in response to infection or injury, characterized by swelling, heat, redness, and pain

Front 72

Local

Back 72

affecting only one part

Front 73

Malignant

Back 73

cancerous; a growth with a tendency to invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body

Front 74

Morbid

Back 74

diseased or sick

Front 75

Morbidity

Back 75

any departure, subjective or objective, from a state of physiological or psychological well-being

Front 76

Neoplasm

Back 76

an abnormal growth of tissue that may be benign or malignant

Front 77

Pandemic

Back 77

an epidemic that affects an expanded demographic area

Front 78

Pathogenesis

Back 78

the origin and development of disease

Front 79

Pathology

Back 79

the study of disease

Front 80

Pathophysiology

Back 80

the study of how disease and/or trauma alters the normal functioning of the body

Front 81

Signs

Back 81

the evidence of disease as perceived by the doctor

Front 82

Sterilize

Back 82

to destroy bacteria and other microorganisms

Front 83

Symptoms

Back 83

the subjective evidence of disease as perceived by the patient

Front 84

Syndrome

Back 84

a group of signs or symptoms characteristic of a particular disease or abnormal condition

Front 85

Systemic

Back 85

affecting the whole body

Front 86

Trauma

Back 86

a physical injury or wound caused by an external force of violence, which may cause death or permanent disability; its also used to describe severe emotional or psychological shock or distress

Front 87

Virulence

Back 87

the ability of an organism to cause death

Front 88

Virus

Back 88

an intracellular parasite that causes disease