An Orientation To Anatomy And Physiology Workbook Ohb

Front 1

atom

Back 1

building blocks of matter

Front 2

molecule

Back 2

2 or more atoms

Front 3

cell

Back 3

smallest unit of all living things

Front 4

tissue

Back 4

group of similar cells that perform a similar function

Front 5

organ

Back 5

structure composed of two or more tissue types that perform similar function

Front 6

organ system

Back 6

group of organs that work to perform a common purpose

Front 7

organism

Back 7

combination of all organ systems working together, highest level of structural organization

Front 8

functions of the integumentary system

Back 8

water proof, creates barrier, receives sensory information, regulates body temp., protects, keeps our insides in & outsides out, produces vitamin d, senses pain and pressure

Front 9

functions of the skeletal system

Back 9

structure for skeletal muscles to provide movement, formation of blood cells in bone cavities, mineral growth/storage, fat storage

Front 10

functions of the muscular system

Back 10

contract (shorten) to cause movement

Front 11

functions of the nervous system

Back 11

responds to environmental irritants/stimuli, irritants/stimuli of the body

Front 12

functions of the endocrine system

Back 12

glands produce hormones into the bloodstream, travel to their target organ, controls body activity, long & lasting effect (vs. nervous system)

Front 13

functions of the cardiovascular system

Back 13

uses blood to transport nutrients/oxygen/hormones to tissue cells for exchange

Front 14

functions of lymphatic (immune) system

Back 14

helps clean the blood, return leaked blood vessels so blood can keep circulating, carry clear lymph fluid, blood goes to bigger vessels to smaller capillary bed

Front 15

functions of the respiratory system

Back 15

adds oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the blood

Front 16

functions of the digestive system

Back 16

breakdown blood, transports nutrients, reclaim water

Front 17

functions of the urinary system

Back 17

removes nitrogen containing waste from blood, flushes via urine, electrolyte balance, blood acid & base balance, water to stomach to small intestine

Front 18

functions of the reproductive system

Back 18

mainly to produce offspring

Front 19

What are the steps in the "homeostatic mechanism"?

Back 19

1. Receptor - Receiving stimulus

2. Control Center - Interpreting stimulus; deciding what to do about it

3. Effector - Brain sends messages to body parts with next steps

Front 20

negative feedback

Back 20

depress stimulus back to its normal range

Front 21

positive feedback

Back 21

accelerate/enhance output created by a stimulus that has already been activated, leads to a culminating event, then return to homeostatis

Front 22

directional terms

Back 22

in relation to any part of the body; which way to go

Front 23

body regions

Back 23

one part of the body; which organ system/part

Front 24

planes and sections

Back 24

sectioning; geometric plane

Front 25

superior

Back 25

toward the head end/upper part of a structure/body; above

Front 26

inferior

Back 26

away from the head end/toward lower part of a structure/the body; below

Front 27

anterior

Back 27

ventral

Front 28

anterior

Back 28

toward or at the front of the body; in front of

Front 29

posterior

Back 29

dorsal

Front 30

posterior

Back 30

toward or at the backside of the body; behind

Front 31

medial

Back 31

toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

Front 32

lateral

Back 32

away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

Front 33

proximal

Back 33

close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Front 34

distal

Back 34

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Front 35

superficial

Back 35

external; toward or at the body surface

Front 36

deep

Back 36

internal; away from the body surface; more internal

Front 37

abdominal

Back 37

anterior body trunk; inferior to ribs

Front 38

antecubital

Back 38

anterior surface of elbow

Front 39

axillary

Back 39

armpit

Front 40

brachial

Back 40

arm

Front 41

buccal

Back 41

cheek area

Front 42

carpal

Back 42

wrist

Front 43

cephalic

Back 43

head

Front 44

cervical

Back 44

neck

Front 45

cubital

Back 45

elbow

Front 46

coxal

Back 46

hip

Front 47

digital

Back 47

fingers, toes

Front 48

frontal

Back 48

forehead

Front 49

femoral

Back 49

thigh

Front 50

genital

Back 50

sex organs

Front 51

mental

Back 51

chin

Front 52

inguinal

Back 52

area where thigh meets body trunk; groin; bikini line

Front 53

nasal

Back 53

nose area

Front 54

mammary

Back 54

breast

Front 55

oral

Back 55

mouth

Front 56

orbital

Back 56

eye area

Front 57

patellar

Back 57

anterior knee

Front 58

perineal

Back 58

middle line of perineum between urogenital and anus

Front 59

tarsal

Back 59

ankle region

Front 60

thoracic

Back 60

chest

Front 61

umbilical

Back 61

navel

Front 62

vertebral

Back 62

area of spinal column

Front 63

lumbar

Back 63

area of back between ribs and hips; the loin

Front 64

pectoral

Back 64

chest

Front 65

pedal

Back 65

foot itself

Front 66

occipital

Back 66

posterior surface of head; base of skull

Front 67

palmar

Back 67

wrist

Front 68

popliteal

Back 68

posterior knee area

Front 69

plantar

Back 69

sole of the foot

Front 70

sacral

Back 70

area between hips in the back

Front 71

scapular

Back 71

shoulder blade region

Front 72

sternal

Back 72

breastbone region

Front 73

deltoid

Back 73

curve of shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle

Front 74

gluteal

Back 74

buttock

Front 75

median/midsagittal

Back 75

cut is down the median plane of the body and the right and left parts are equal in size; head to toe

Front 76

frontal/coronal

Back 76

cut along a lengthwise plane that divides the body/organ into anterior/posterior parts

Front 77

transverse

Back 77

cut along a horizontal plane, dividing the body or organ into superior and inferior parts

Front 78

sagittal

Back 78

cut along the lengthwise/longitudinal plane of the body, dividing the body into right and left parts

Front 79

thoracic

Back 79

heart and lungs section

lining=pleura

Front 80

abdominpelvic

Back 80

cavity inferior to the diaphragm

(stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, bladder, internal reproductive organs)

Front 81

cranial/spinal

Back 81

space inside bony skull; holds brain; spine extends from cranial cavity to nearly the end of the vertebral column, spinal cord

Front 82

9 regions of abdominopelvic cavity

Back 82

R Hypochondriac - Epigastric - L Hypochondriac

R Lumbar - Umbilical - L Lumbar

R Iliac - Hypogastric - L Iliac

(hypochondriac-in your head

lumbar - lumbar spine

iliac - iliac crest of pelvis)