Amy Questions From Ppg 13-20 On Pathology

Front 1

Are hydrogen bonds strong or weak?

Back 1

Weak

Front 2

How many bases are there in RNA?

Back 2

4

Front 3

How many amino acids code for RNA?

Back 3

20

Front 4

What is the enzyme that makes new DNA polymers by adding neucleotides to the exposed surfaces of the "split" DNA?

Back 4

DNA polymerase

Front 5

Name 3 differences between RNA and DNA

Back 5

RNA-ribose sugar, Uracil, single strand
DNA-Deoxyribose sugar, Thymine, double helix

Front 6

What are the base combinations on DNA and mRNA that code for the placement of specific amino acids during protein synthesis called?

Back 6

Genetic code

Front 7

How many ways can the 4 bases be put together in combinations of 3 like CAT, GTG etc…?

Back 7

64

Front 8

If the codon is GUU what is the anticodon?

Back 8

CAA

Front 9

If the codon is UCU what is the anticodon?

Back 9

AGA

Front 10

If DNA starts with a triplet TTT what is the codon and what is the aniticodon?

Back 10

Codon- AAA
Anticodon- UUU

Front 11

What is the name for the AUG code for methionine that tells the mRNA to start the sequence?

Back 11

Initiator

Front 12

What is the term for the three codes UGA, UAA and UAG that tells the ribosome to end protein synthesis?

Back 12

Terminator

Front 13

If the triplet on DNA for valine is CAA what is the codon and what is the anitcodon?

Back 13

Codon- GUU
Anticodon- CAA

Front 14

What type of RNA has a codon?

Back 14

mRNA

Front 15

What type of RNA has an anticodon?

Back 15

tRNA

Front 16

Can DNA directly synthesize fats?

Back 16

No

Front 17

Can DNA directly synthesize carbohydrates?

Back 17

No

Front 18

Can DNA make proteins?

Back 18

Yes

Front 19

What is the name for the way DNA controls the activity in the cell?

Back 19

Protein Synthesis

Front 20

Where does protein synthesis occur in the cell?

Back 20

In cytoplasm

Front 21

What is the term that means DNA is making a copy of mRNA?

Back 21

Transcription

Front 22

After transcription what happens to the hydrogen bonds between complementary bases of DNA?

Back 22

Hydrogen bonds reform

Front 23

What are the "tools" of biochemistry?

Back 23

Enzymes

Front 24

What is the "puffed up" area inside the nucleus on a chromosome where rRNA is being synthesized?

Back 24

Nucleolus

Front 25

How many base pairs are there between each rotation in a DNA double helix?

Back 25

10

Front 26

What are the "protein factories" in the cytoplasm?

Back 26

Ribosomes

Front 27

What is assembled into the Ribosomes to make it a "protein factory"?

Back 27

rRNA

Front 28

How many types of amino acids can 1 tRNA attach to?

Back 28

1

Front 29

How many bases are in each anticodon on 1 tRNA?

Back 29

3

Front 30

Ribosomes consist of several RNA molecules and _____?

Back 30

Many protein molecules

Front 31

How many different types of tRNA are there?

Back 31

61 (there are 3 terminator codons that do not have a tRNA to match)

Front 32

Where are all of the parts needed to make protein located?

Back 32

In cytoplasm

Front 33

Other than DNA what are the 5 things needed to make proteins?

Back 33

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, amino acids, ATP

Front 34

What does mRNA attach to in the process of making proteins?

Back 34

The ribosome

Front 35

What does tRNA attach to in the process of making proteins?

Back 35

mRNA codons

Front 36

`What happens to the amino acids that are brought to the ribosome by tRNA?

Back 36

They line up in chains

Front 37

Where do the amino acids in the cytoplasm come from?

Back 37

Some are ingested and absorbed, others are produced in our cells

Front 38

What is the process that creates peptide bonds between amino acids?

Back 38

Dehydration synthesis

Front 39

How many amino acids can a ribosome put together per second?

Back 39

333

Front 40

Can a mRNA make more than one polypeptide chain at the same time?

Back 40

Yes

Front 41

What does MHC stand for?

Back 41

Major Histocompatability Complex

Front 42

Name 5 functions of the plasma membrane

Back 42

Anchor, recognition sites, carriers, channels, receptors

Front 43

What is the term that means some things pass through the membrane and some things do not.

Back 43

Differential permeability, selective permeability

Front 44

What are 3 things that pass through a plasma membrane easily

Back 44

Fat soluble molecules, oxygen, carbon dioxide

Front 45

Does water pass through the phospholipid layer of a plasma membrane?

Back 45

No

Front 46

Where does water pass through a plasma membrane?

Back 46

Aquaporin channels

Front 47

What is the type of transport (active or passive) that requires ATP?

Back 47

Active

Front 48

Name 3 molecules that require active transport to pass through a plasma membrane

Back 48

Ca++ Na+ K+

Front 49

Which molecules move more slowly Large molecules or small ones?

Back 49

Large

Front 50

If you increase the rate of brownian movement, is the rate of diffusion increased or decreased?

Back 50

Increased

Front 51

What are the molecules that are floating in the phospholipid layer and undergo configurational changes to move things across the membrane?

Back 51

Carrier molecules

Front 52

How many carbons are there in on glycerol molecule?

Back 52

3

Front 53

How many fatty acid molecules are there in one phospholipid molecule?

Back 53

2

Front 54

What is lowered by an enzyme that allows a chemical reaction to occur?

Back 54

Activation energy

Front 55

What relatively non-toxic molecule is produced in the liver from the amine parts of amino acids?

Back 55

Urea

Front 56

What is the name for the chemical process that synthesizes two amino acids together?

Back 56

Dehydration synthesis

Front 57

Do you need ATP to move glucose across a cell membrane?

Back 57

No

Front 58

What purine is complimentary to Thymine?

Back 58

Adenine

Front 59

Name and eicosanoid other than prostaglandin (don't say arachidonic acid)?

Back 59

Leukotrienes

Front 60

If the net movement of molecules across a membrane through a carrier molecule is with the gradient do any molecules move in the other direction against the gradient?

Back 60

Yes

Front 61

What are the molecules that are floating in the phospholipid layer and undergo configurational changes to move things across the membrane?

Back 61

Carrier molecules

Front 62

How many carbons are there in on glycerol molecule?

Back 62

3

Front 63

How many fatty acid molecules are there in one phospholipid molecule?

Back 63

2

Front 64

What is lowered by an enzyme that allows a chemical reaction to occur?

Back 64

Activation energy

Front 65

What relatively non-toxic molecule is produced in the liver from the amine parts of amino acids?

Back 65

Urea

Front 66

What is the name for the chemical process that synthesizes two amino acids together?

Back 66

Dehydration synthesis

Front 67

Do you need ATP to move glucose across a cell membrane?

Back 67

No

Front 68

What purine is complimentary to Thymine?

Back 68

Adenine

Front 69

Name and eicosanoid other than prostaglandin (don't say arachidonic acid)?

Back 69

Leukotrienes

Front 70

If the net movement of molecules across a membrane through a carrier molecule is with the gradient do any molecules move in the other direction against the gradient?

Back 70

Yes

Front 71

What is the size of a channel protein or pore?

Back 71

8 Angstroms

Front 72

What type of channel proteins or pores open and close to allow ions to pass only at certain times?

Back 72

Gated

Front 73

Movement through pores of a phospholipid membrane depends on what?

Back 73

Size of molecule, pore and charge of ion, pore

Front 74

Is ion hydration energy stronger in smaller ions or larger ions?

Back 74

Smaller

Front 75

How much water moves across the membrane per second?

Back 75

100 times the cell's volume

Front 76

Name 3 things that decrease sodium permeability which inhibits depolarization

Back 76

Cocaine, procaine, tetracaine

Front 77

What happens when sodium leaks into the cell?

Back 77

It becomes hypopolarized

Front 78

What is the name for the disorder that happens when the normal serum calcium (9.4 mg/dL) fall 35% to 6mg.dL?

Back 78

Tetany