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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Aspirin Presentation |
300 mg chewable tablets |
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Aspirin Pharmacology |
An analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet aggregation agent - To minimise platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in order to retard the progression of coronary artery thrombosis in acute coronary syndrome - Inhibits synthesis of prostagladins - anti-inflammatory actions
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Aspirin Primary Emergency Indication |
Acute Coronary Syndrome |
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Aspirin Contraindications |
1. Hypersensitivity to aspirin / salicylates |
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Aspirin Precautions |
1. Asthma 2. Peptic Ulcer 3. Pts on anti-coagulants |
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Aspirin Side Effects |
1. Heart burn 2. Nausea 3. Gastrointestinal bleeding 4. Increased bleeding time 5. Hypersensitivity reactions |
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Adrenaline Presentation |
1mg in 1mL glass ampoule 1mg in 10 mL |
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Adrenaline Pharmacology |
A naturally occurring alpha and beta adrenergic stimulant
Actions: - Increases HR by increased SA node firing Rate (Beta 1) - Increases conduction velocity through the AV node (Beta 1) - Increases myocardial contractility (Beta 1) - Increases the irritability of the ventricles (Beta 1) - Causes bronchodilation (Beta 2) - Causes peripheral vassoconstriction (Alpha) |
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Adrenaline Primary Emergency Indications |
1. Persistent VF or unconscious, pulseless, VT 2. Asystole 3. PEA 4. Inadequate perfusion (cardiogenic) 5. Inadequate perfusion (non cardiogenic – non hypovolaemic) 6. Anaphylaxis 7. Severe asthma 8. Unconscious asthma with no recordable BP 9. Croup 10. Bradycardia with poor perfusion |
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Adrenaline Contraindications |
1. Hypovolaemic shock without adequate fluid replacement |
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Adrenaline Precautions |
1. Elderly Pts |
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Adrenaline Side Effects |
1. Sinus Tachycardia 2. Supraventricular arrythmias 3. Ventricular arrythmias 4. Hypertension 5. Pupillary dilation 6. May increase size of MI 7. Feeling of anxiety/palpations in the conscious Pt |
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Ceftriaxone Presentation |
1 g sterile powder in glass vial |
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Ceftriaxone Pharmacology |
Cephalosporin antibiotic |
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Ceftriaxone Primary Emergency Indications |
1. Suspected meningococcal septicaemia 2. Severe sepsis (consult only) |
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Ceftraixone Contrainidications |
1. Allergy to Cephalosporin antibiotics |
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Ceftriaxone Precautions |
1. Allergy to Penicillin antibiotics |
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Ceftriaxone Side Effects |
1. Nausea and vomiting 2. Skin rash |
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Dextrose 10% Presentation |
25 g in 250 mL infusion soft pack |
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Dextrose 10% Pharmacology |
A slightly hypertonic crystalloid solution Composition: - Sugar - 10% dextrose |
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Dextrose 10% Primary Emergency Indication |
1. Diabetic hypoglycaemia (BGL analysis < 4 mmol/L) in Pts with an altered conscious state who are unable to self-administer oral glucose |
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Fentanyl Presentation |
100 mcg in 2 mL glass ampoule |
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Fentanyl Pharmacology |
A synthetic opioid analgesic Actions: CNS effects: |
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Fentanyl Primary Emergency Indications |
1. Sedation to facilitate intubation 2. Sedation to maintain intubation 3. Drug facilitated intubation |
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Fentanyl Contraindications |
1. Known hypersensitivity 2. IV Amiodarone |
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Fentanyl Precautions |
1. Elderly patients 8. Oral Amiodarone |
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Fentanyl Side Effects |
1. Respiratory depression |
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Glucagon Presentation |
1 mg (IU) in 1 mL hypokit |
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Glucagon Pharmacology |
A hormone normally secreted by the pancreas Actions: glycogen to glucose |
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Glucagon Primary Emergency Indication |
1. Diabetic hypoglycaemia (BGL < 4 mmol/L) in Pts with an altered conscious state who are unable to self-administer oral glucose |
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Glucagon Side Effects |
1. Nausea and vomiting (rare) |
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Glycerol Trinitrate (GTN) Presentation |
0.6 mg tablets |
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Glycerol Trinitrate (GTN) Pharmacology |
Principally, a vascular smooth muscle relaxant Actions: - Venous dilatation promotes venous pooling and reduces venous return to the heart (reduces preload) - Arterial dilatation reduces systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure (reduces afterload) The effects of the above are: - Reduced myocardial O2 demand - Reduced systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure, whilst usually maintaining coronary perfusion pressure - Mild collateral coronary arterial dilatation may improve blood supply to ischaemic areas of myocardium - Mild tachycardia secondary to slight fall in blood pressure - Preterm labour: Uterine quiescence in pregnancy |
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Glycerol Trinitrate (GTN) Primary Emergency Inidications |
1. Chest pain with ACS 4. Autonomic dysreflexia |
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Glycerol Trinitrate (GTN) Contrainidications |
1. Known hypersensitivity 2. Systolic blood pressure < 110 mmHg tablet 3. Systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg patch 4. Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra) or Vardenafil (Levitra) administration in the previous 24 hr or Tadalafil (Cialis) administration in the previous 4 days (PDE5 inhibitors) 5. Heart rate > 150 bpm Bradycardia 6. HR < 50 bpm (excluding autonomic dysreflexia) 7. VT 8. Inferior STEMI with systolic BP < 160 mmHg 9. Right ventricular MI |
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Glycerol Trinitrate (GTN) Precautions |
1. No previous administration |
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Glycerol Trinitrate (GTN) Side Effects |
1. Tachycardia 2. Hypotension 3. Headache 5. Bradycardia (occasionally) |
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Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent) Presentation |
250 mcg in 1 mL nebule or polyamp |
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Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent) Pharmacology |
Anticholinergic bronchodilator Actions: - Allows bronchodilatation by inhibiting cholinergic bronchomotor tone (i.e. blocks vagal reflexes which mediate bronchoconstriction) |
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Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent) Primary Emergency Indications |
1. Severe respiratory distress associated with bronchospasm |
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Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent) Contraindications |
1. Known hypersensitivity to Atropine or its derivatives |
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Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent) Precautions |
1. Glaucoma |
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Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent) Side Effects |
1. Headache |
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Methoxyflurane Presentation |
3ml in glass bottle |
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Methoxyflurane Pharmacology |
Inhalational analgesic agent at low concentrations |
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Methoxyflurane Primary Emergency Indication |
1. Pain Relief |
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Methoxyflurane Contraindications |
1. Pre-existing renal disease / renal impairment 2. Concurrent use of tetracycline antibiotics |
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Methoxyflurane Precautions |
1. The PenthroxTM inhaler must be hand-held by the Pt so that if unconsciousness occurs it will fall from the Pt’s face. Occasionally the operator may need to assist but must continuously assess the level of consciousness 2. Pre-eclampsia |
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Methoxyflurane Side Effects |
1. Drowsiness 3. Exceeding the maximum total dose of 6 mL in a 24 hr period may lead to renal toxicity |
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Metoclopramide (Maxolon) Presentation |
10mg in 2mL polyamp |
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Metoclopramide (Maxolon) Pharmacology |
Antiemetic Actions: - Dopamine receptor antagonist |
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Metoclopramide (Maxolon) Primary Emergency Indications |
1. Nausea / vomiting associated with - Opioid administration for pain 2. Prophylaxis: - Awake spinal immobilised Pts - Eye trauma |
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Metoclopramide (Maxolon) Contraindications |
1. Children 3. Gastrointestinal haemorrhage |
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Metoclopramide (Maxolon) Precautions |
1. Undiagnosed abdominal pain |
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Metoclopramide (Maxolon) Side Effects |
1. Drowsiness |
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Midazolam Presentation |
5 mg in 1 mL glass ampoule 15 mg in 3 mL glass ampoule |
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Midazolam Pharmacology |
Short acting CNS depressant Actions: - Anxiolytic |
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Midazolam Primary Emergency Indications |
1. Continuous tonic-clonic seizures 2. Sedation to maintain intubation 3. Sedation to enable intubation 5. Sedation to enable synchronised cardioversion 6. Sedation in the agitated Pt |
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Midazolam Contraindications |
1. Known hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines |
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Midazolam Precautions |
1. Reduced doses may be required for the elderly, Pts with chronic renal failure, CCF or shock 2. The CNS depressant effects of benzodiazepines are enhanced in the presence of narcotics and other tranquillisers including alcohol 3. Can cause severe respiratory depression in Pts with COPD 4. Pts with myasthenia gravis |
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Midazolam Side Effects |
1. Depressed level of consciousness 2. Respiratory depression 4. Hypotension |
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Morphine Presentation |
10 mg in 1 mL glass ampoule |
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Morphine Pharmacology |
An opioid analgesic Actions: CNS effects: - Depression (leading to analgesia) Cardiovascular effects: - Vasodilatation |
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Morphine Primary Emergency Indications |
1. Pain relief 3. Sedation to maintain intubation |
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Morphine Contraindictions |
1. Known hypersensitivity |
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Morphine Precautions |
1. Elderly Pts |
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Morphine Side Effects |
CNS effects: - Drowsiness - Respiratory depression - Euphoria - Nausea, vomiting - Addiction - Pin-point pupils Cardiovascular effects: - Hypotension - Bradycardia |
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Naloxone Presentation |
0.4 mg in 1 mL glass ampoule 2 mg in 5 mL (prepared syringe) |
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Naloxone Pharmacology |
An opioid antagonist Action: - Prevents or reverses the effects of opioids |
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Naloxone Primary Emergency Indication |
1. Altered conscious state and respiratory depression secondary to administration of opioids or related drugs. |
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Naloxone Precautions |
1. If Pt is known to be physically dependent on opioids, be prepared for a combative Pt after administration. 2. Neonates. |
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Naloxone Side Effects |
Symptoms of opioid withdrawal: 1. Sweating 2. goose flesh, tremor 3. Nausea and vomiting 5. Dilatation of pupils, excessive lacrimation 6. Convulsions |
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Normal Saline Presentation |
10 mL polyamp |
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Normal Saline Pharmacology |
An isotonic crystalloid solution Composition: - Electrolytes (sodium and chloride in a similar concentration to that of extracellular fluid) Action: - Increases the vol of the intravascular compartment |
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Normal Saline Primary Emergency Indications |
1. As a replacement fluid in vol-depleted Pts 2. To expand intravascular vol in the non-cardiac, non-hypovolaemic hypotensive Pt e.g. anaphylaxis, burns, sepsis 3. As a fluid challenge in unresponsive, non-hypovolaemic, hypotensive Pts (other than LVF). e.g. PEA; asthma 4. Fluid for diluting and administering IV drugs 5. Fluid TKVO for IV administration of emergency drugs |
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Normal Saline Precautions |
1. Consider modifying factors when administering for hypovolaemia |
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Prochlorperazine (Stemetil) Presentation |
12.5 mg in 1 mL glass ampoule |
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Prochlorperazine (Stemetil) Pharmacology |
An anti-emetic Action: - Acts on several central neuro-transmitter systems |
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Prochlorperazine (Stemetil) Primary Emergency Indications |
1. Rx or prophylaxis of nausea / vomiting for - Vertigo |
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Prochlorperazine (Stemetil) Contraindications |
1. Circulatory collapse 4. Children |
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Prochlorperazine (Stemetil) Precautions |
1. Hypotension |
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Prochlorperazine (Stemetil) Side Effects |
1. Drowsiness |
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Salbutamol Presentation |
5 mg in 2.5 mL polyamp 5 mg in 5 mL glass ampoule pMDI |
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Salbutamol Pharmocology |
A synthetic beta adrenergic stimulant with primarily beta 2 effects Action: - Causes bronchodilatation |
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Salbutamol Primary Emergency Indications |
1. Respiratory distress with suspected bronchospasm: - asthma - severe allergic reactions |
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Salbutamol Precautions |
1. Large doses of IV Salbutamol have been reported to cause intracellular metabolic acidosis |
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Salbutamol Side Effects |
1. Sinus tachycardia 2. Muscle tremor (common) |
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PSA (Adequate Perfusion) |
Skin - Warm, pink, dry Pulse - 60 - 100 bpm BP - > 100 mmHg systolic Conscious State - Alert and orientated to time and place |
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PSA (Borderline Perfusion) |
Skin - cool, pale, clammy Pulse - 50 - 100 bpm BP - 80 - 100 mmHg systolic Conscious State - Alert and orientated to time and place |
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PSA (Inadequate Perfusion) |
Skin - cool, pale, clammy Pulse - < 50 bpm or > 100 bpm BP - 60 - 80 mmHg systolic Conscious State - Either alert and orientated to time and place or altered |
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PSA (Extremely Poor Perfusion) |
Skin - cool, pale, clammy Pulse - < 50 bpm or > 110 bpm BP - < 60 mmHg systolic or unrecordable Conscious State - altered or unconscious |