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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the divisions of the central nervous system?
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Brain & spinal cord
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What are the divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
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Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, autonomic nervous system
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What is white matter in the CNS?
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Tracts of myelinated nerve fibers
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What types of fibers are present in the brain?
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Commissural-connect 2 hemispheres
Association-transmit impulses within a single hemisphere Projection-tie the cortex to the rest of the hemisphere |
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Where does the spinal cord end?
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L1
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What is the function of the thalamus?
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Sorts and edits info
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The diencephalon encloses which ventricle?
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3rd ventricle
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What are the directions of the brain fibers?
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Projection - vertical
Association - horizontal Commissural - horizontal |
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What does the central sulcus divide?
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Frontal and parietal lobes
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What are the parts of the brain?
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Cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brain stem
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What are islands of gray matter?
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Basal ganglia
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What are the parts of the brain stem in order from top to bottom?
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Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
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What are the functional areas of the cerebrum?
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Motor, sensory and association
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What does the motor area do?
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Controls muscle/glands
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What does the sensory area do?
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Interprets sensory impulses
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What does the association area do?
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Connects sensory and motor
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What connects the cerebral hemispheres?
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Corpus collosum
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What does Broca's area do?
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Coordinates the tongue and vocal cords to speak
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What does the affective language area do?
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It's involved in non-verbal, emotional components of language
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What does Werneke's area do?
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Written and spoken language
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What part of the brain is responsible for kinesthesia?
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Cerebellum
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Where is the main visceral control center?
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Hypothalamus
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Where is the center for vomiting, coughing and sneezing?
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Medulla oblongata
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Where are the vital centers?
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Medulla oblongata
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What are the vital centers called?
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Cardiovascular (cardiac, vasomotor) & respiratory
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What is the definition of decussation?
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Cross over to the opposite side
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Where is the auditory area located?
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Temporal lobe
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What do the association areas do?
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Communicate with the motor cortex and other sensory association areas to analyze, recognize and act on sensory inputs
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What does the gnostic area do?
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Integrates all incoming signals into a single thought or understanding
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In the spinal cord, how do the fibers run?
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Ascending(sensory)
Descending(motor) Across(commissural) |
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What part of the brain stem contains relays for visual and auditory stimuli?
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Midbrain
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What structure separates the brain into hemispheres?
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Longitudinal fissure
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What is the definition of paralysis?
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Loss of motor function
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What is the definition of paresthesias?
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Sensory loss
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Ascending tracts carry what type of info?
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Sensory
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Descending tracts carry what type of info?
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Motor
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What do pyramidal tracts do?
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Control appendicular skeletal muscle on the opposite side of the body
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What do extrapyramidal tracts do?
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Control the muscles of the axial skeleton
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What is flaccid paralysis?
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LMN injury, PNS damage
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What is spastic paralysis?
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UMN injury, CNS damage
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The falx cerebri and cerebelli are formed by what?
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Dural folds
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What makes cerebrospinal fluid?
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Choroid plexuses
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Where does cerebrospinal fluid circulate?
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In and around the brain and spinal cord
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What do dural sinuses do?
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Drain blood from the brain to internal jugular veins
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What is considered a major reflux center?
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Spinal cord
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What are the respiratory centers in the pons?
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Pneumotaxic center and apneustic center
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What does the pneumotaxic center do?
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Helps to maintain the normal rhythm of breathing
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What does the apneustic center do?
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Prolongs inspiration
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