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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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standard amino acids
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20 amino acids that DNA codes for
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side chain
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R group of amino acid; classifies amino acid
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glycine
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alanine
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valine
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leucine
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isoleucine
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phenylalanine
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tryptophan
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methionine
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proline
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serine
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threonine
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tyrosine
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asparagine
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glutamine
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cysteine
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aspartate
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glutamate
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histidine
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lysine
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arginine
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nonpolar
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What do the following amino acids have in common:
glycine alanine valine leucine isoleucine phenylalanine tryptophan methionine proline |
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polar
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What do the following amino acids have in common:
serine threonine tyrosine asparagine glutamine cysteine aspartate glutamate histidine lysine arginine |
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cysteine
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Which amino acid has a sulfhydryl group, and is therefore able to form a disulfide bond?
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essential amino acids
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The following are required as an EXTERNAL source:
phenylalanine valine threonine tryptophan isoleucine methionine histidine arginine leucine lysine What category are they? |
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nonessential amino acids
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The following amino acids are synthesized by the body:
alanine asparagine aspartate cysteine glutamate glutamine glycine proline serine tyrosine What category are they? |
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arginine
histidine |
Which amino acids are semi-essential (required more during childhood or to recover from diseased state)?
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proline
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Which is an IMINO acid due to its secondary amino group?
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glycine
alanine valine leucine isoleucine |
Which amino acids are aliphatic?
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serine
threonine |
Which amino acids contain a hydroxy group?
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methionine
cysteine |
Which amino acids contain a sulfur group?
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aspartic acid
glutamic acid glutamine asparagine |
Which amino acids are acidic (proton donors, negatively charged)?
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arginine
lysine histidine |
Which amino acids are basic (proton acceptors, positively charged)?
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aromatic
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The following have what in common:
phenylalanine tyrosine tryptophan proline |
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hydroxyl group
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Which side chain group of serine helps in the activity of an enzyme active site?
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glycine
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Which amino acid is NOT chirally active (chirally inactive)?
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isomerism
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What is the phenomenon by which two or more compounds exhibit same molecular formula but differ in structural pattern?
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L
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Amino acids in proteins favor which stereo configuration?
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D
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The following are of what configuration:
antibiotics plant/bacterial cell walls |
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alpha-carboxyl
alpha-amino |
What are the two common ionizable groups present in all amino acids?
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ionizable group
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The following are in what group?
extra carboxyl groups (beta, gamma) in aspartate and glutamate extra epsilon amino group in lysine guanido (guanidino) group in arginine imidazole group in histidine |
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pKa
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Negative log of dissociation constant, K (pH at which both protonated (undissociated) and unprotonated (dissociated) forms of acid group are present at equal concentration
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buffer
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Solution that resists change in pH following the addition of an acid or base (made by solutions of weak acids and their conjugate bases)
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zwitterion
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Ionic form of an amino acid contains equal number of positive and negative charges (net charge is zero)
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henderson-hasselbalch equation
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Equation that depicts relationship among pK, pH and concentration of acid and its conjugate base
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sickle cell anemia
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Substitution of polar glutamate by nonpolar valine at the 6th position in beta subunit of hemoglobin leads to what genetic disease
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disulfide bonds
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Albumin, a stabilizing blood protein, contains what type of bonds?
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modified amino acids
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Hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine in collagen and gamma-carboxyglutamate in clotting factors are what types of amino acids?
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non protein amino acids
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Beta alanine, ornithine, citrulline, homocysteine, homoserine, gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), and taurine are examples of what types of amino acids?
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7.4
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what is physiologic pH
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energy production
neurotransmitters |
What are some functions of amino acids?
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glucogenic
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can produce glucose
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ketogenic
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can produce ketone bodies
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alanine
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ala
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asparagine
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asn
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aspartate
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asp
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cysteine
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cys
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glutamate
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glu
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glutamine
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gln
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glycine
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gly
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proline
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pro
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serine
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ser
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tyrosine
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tyr
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isoleucine
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ile
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leucine
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leu
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lysine
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lys
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methionine
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met
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phenylalanine
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phe
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threonine
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thr
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tryptophan
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trp
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valine
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val
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arginine
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arg
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histidine
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his
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pK
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pH at which both protonated and deprotonated forms of acid group are present at equal concentration
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polyfunctional amino acids
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have more than two dissociable groups
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