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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Arginine
R arg -Charged AA which exhibits both hydrophobic and ionic properties (+ at physiologic pH) -Exhibits resonance in the planar guanido group -H bond donor -Often methylated |
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Proline
P pro -R group covalently bonded to the peptidyl-amino -Cyclic ring constrains the rotation of the Phi bond which creates a permanent "chink" in the peptide chain |
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Phenylalanine
F phe -Aromatic AA -Absorb UV light and exhibit fluorescent properties; useful as probes of protein structure -Planar ring system |
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Tyrosine
Y tyr -Aromatic AA -Absorb UV light and exhibit fluorescent properties; useful as probes of protein structure -Planar ring system -O aromatic with benzene ring -Often PO4-alated in signaling molecules |
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Histidine
H his -Polar AA (usually + at physiologic pH) -amine pK is ~6, making it one of the strongest bases that exists at neutral pH -one N can act as a H-bond donor while the other acts as an acceptor -Involved in numerous enzymatic reactions -Not aromatic (doesn't absorb UV light) |
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Tryptophan
W trp -Aromatic AA -Absorb UV light and exhibit fluorescent properties; useful as probes of protein structure -Planar ring system -N group can participate in H-bonding |
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Lysine
K lys -Charged AA (+ at physiologic pH) that exhibits both hydrophobic and ionic properties -Is often highly modified (ubiquitination, methylation, acetylation) |
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Glycine
G gly -Smallest AA with no R group -Provides significant conformational flexibility; often found in turns |
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Asparagine
N asn -Polar AA -amide form of aspartate -Important in N-linked glycosylation (NXS/T) |
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Alanine
A ala -Hydrophobic (aliphatic) -Hydrophobicity increases with increasing # of C in sidechain |
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Glutamate
E glu -Charged AA (- at physiologic pH) which exhibits both hydrophopic and ionic properties -(-) charge at physiological pH due to COOH group with pKa of ~4 -Form salt bridges in proteins -Important sidechains for chelating metal ions (Zn and Ca) |
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Glutamine
Q gln -Polar AA -Amide form of glutamate |
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Aspartate
D asp -COOH with pKa of ~4 make this AA (-) at physiological pH -Often form salt bridges in proteins -Important sidechain for chelating metal ions (Ca, Zn) -Exhibits hydrophobic and ionic properties |
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Threonine
T thr -Polar AA -OH groups are H bond donors and acceptors -PO4-alated in many signal transduction proteins -OH group site of O-linked glycosylation in cell surface proteins |
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Serine
S ser -Polar AA -OH groups are H bond donors and acceptors -PO4-alated in many signal transduction proteins -OH group site of o-linked glycosylation in cell surface proteins |
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Cysteine
C cys -Polar AA; very impt. in disulfide bonding -Very reactive (pK ~8.4) -S=S Bond: -Reduction of breaks them apart -Are often found in oxidative environments (i.e. outside cell) such as hormones, cell-surface receptors, etc. -can occur intra- or inter-protein |
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Methionine
M met -Hydrophobic (aliphatic) -Hydrophobicity increases with increasing # of C in sidechain |
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Isoeucine
I ile -Hydrophobic (aliphatic) -Hydrophobicity increases with increasing # of C in sidechain |
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Leucine
L leu -Hydrophobic (aliphatic) -Hydrophobicity increases with increasing # of C in sidechain |
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Valine
V val -Hydrophobic (aliphatic) -Hydrophobicity increases with increasing # of C in sidechain |
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