Am.history Cards

Front 1

1. What are the reasons to study history?

Back 1

* History is interesting
* History is never finished
* You develop empathy
* To be a better thinker
* To learn from past mistakes

Front 2

2. What are the 5 Founding American Ideals?

Back 2

* Liberty
* Democracy
* Equality
* Opportunity
* Rights

Front 3

3. Who proposed the resolution for independence?

Back 3

* Richard Henry Lee

Front 4

4. Who was on the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence?

Back 4

* Thomas Jefferson
* Roger Sherman
* Benjamin Franklin
* Robert R. Livingston
* John Adams

Front 5

5. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Back 5

* Thomas Jefferson

Front 6

6. What are the parts to the Declaration of Independence?

Back 6

* Statement of human rights
* Grievances against the king
* Statement of Independence

Front 7

7. When was the Declaration of Independence approved?

Back 7

* July 4, 1776

Front 8

8. What are the branches of government?

Back 8

* Executive
* Judicial
* Legislative

Front 9

9. *Preamble*- explain what it means

Back 9

* We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

Front 10

10. How many articles does the Constitution have?

Back 10

* 7

Front 11

11. What are checks and balances?

Back 11

* A system of where all three branches work together to help keep any one branch from becoming too powerful (SEE CHART IN TEXTBOOK ON PAGE 75)

Front 12

12. Describe the impeachment process.

Back 12

* Definition- to charge an official of committing a crime. The House brings the charges and the Senate votes. A 2/3 majority is needed to remove the official from office.

Front 13

13. Define the legislative branch

Back 13

*Congress- the law making branch- two bodies, one based on population (The House of Representatives) and the other with 2 senators for each (Senate)

Front 14

14. What are the jobs of the legislative branch?

Back 14

* Propose laws
* Declare war
* Override the president’s veto with a 2/3 vote
* Propose amendments with a 2/3 vote
* Approves treaties
* Approves presidential appointments

Front 15

15. Define the executive branch.

Back 15

* President and his cabinet

Front 16

16. What are the jobs of the executive branch?

Back 16

* Commander and chief of the military
* Propose laws
* Enforces the laws
* Appoints Supreme Court judges
* Proposes budget
* Grants pardons
* Makes treaties

Front 17

17. Define the Judicial branch

Back 17

* The Supreme Court- (and other Federal Courts)

Front 18

18. What are the jobs of the Judicial Branch?

Back 18

* Interpret the law
* Declare laws unconstitutional
* Declare president’s actions unconstitutional

Front 19

19. What are concurrent powers?

Back 19

* Powers shared by both the state and the federal government- examples: taxes, roads, borrow money, establish courts

Front 20

20. What are delegated powers?

Back 20

* Powers granted to congress- examples: coin money, raise army, declare war, establish post offices

Front 21

21. What are reserved powers?

Back 21

* Powers reserved for the states- examples: fire, police, schools, issuing licenses, conducting elections

Front 22

22. How many amendments are there?

Back 22

* 27

Front 23

23. What are the 1st 10 called?

Back 23

* Bill of Rights

Front 24

24. What percentage is needed to propose an amendment?

Back 24

* 2/3

Front 25

25. What percentage is needed to ratify the Constitution?

Back 25

* ¾

Front 26

26. What is Manifest Destiny?

Back 26

* The belief that God wanted the US to expand to the Pacific Ocean and spread democracy across the country to all people.

Front 27

27. What was the Indian Removal Act?

Back 27

*The plan to clear the Indians east of the Mississippi to “Indian Territory”

Front 28

28. What was the Marshall Court?

Back 28

* The Supreme Court under the rule of Chief Justice John Marshall made a number of Supreme Court decisions that affirmed federal power

Front 29

29. How did industrialization impact the Westward Movement?

Back 29

* Trains helped people go farther and faster than ever before. They also linked people together, better and faster trade was possible. Mass Production allowed goods to be produced at a rapid rate which made them cheaper. Cotton gin allowed cotton to be cleaned at a rapid rate, thus increasing productivity.

Front 30

30. What are 3 characteristics of the North during 1850-1860?

Back 30

* Industrial
* Limited slavery
* Greater population

Front 31

31. What are 3 characteristics of the South during 1850-1860?

Back 31

* Relied on agriculture
* Predominately rural
* Relied on slavery as an industry

Front 32

32. How did the Fugitive Slave Law increase tension between the North and the South?

Back 32

* Runaway slaves were forced to be returned. Southerners brought charges against Northerners for harboring slaves. Southerners would capture freemen and claim they were runaways

Front 33

33. What is popular sovereignty?

Back 33

* The feeling that regional interests control politics

Front 34

34. Which state became a battle ground for the Civil War?

Back 34

* Kansas

Front 35

35. Which state was the 1st to succeed from the union?

Back 35

* South Carolina

Front 36

36. What is sectionalism?

Back 36

* The differences between the north and the south

Front 37

37. What are the advantages of the North?

Back 37

* more troops
* more money
* more industrial
* more resources

Front 38

38. What were the advantages of the South?

Back 38

* Fought a defensive war
* On their own terrain

Front 39

39. What were the bloodiest battles?

Back 39

* Gettysburg
* Antietam
* Bull Run

Front 40

40. What were the challenges in government the North?

Back 40

* Hard time gaining support
* troop shortages

Front 41

41. What were the challenges in the government in the South?

Back 41

* shortage of troops
* Shortage of money
* lack of supplies

Front 42

42. What were the effects of war on the soldiers (North and South)?

Back 42

* harsh conditions
* boredom
* homesick
* disease spread throughout camp

Front 43

43. What were conditions like in the South for the slaves?

Back 43

* Harsher conditions, plantations owners afraid slaves would runaway

Front 44

44. What was life like for African-Americans in the North?

Back 44

* given manual jobs
* discriminated against
* earned less money

Front 45

45. What were some contributions of women in the war?

Back 45

* ran business
* worked as nurses
* spies
* disguised themselves as men and fought as soldiers

Front 46

46. Where was the end of the Civil War?

Back 46

* Appomattox, Virginia

Front 47

47. Who were the commanders of each side?

Back 47

* North-Ulysses S. Grant
* South- Robert E. Lee

Front 48

48. When was the surrender?

Back 48

* April 9, 1865

Front 49

49. How many steps were the Southern States required to take in order to rejoin the Union?

Back 49

* 5

Front 50

50. What were they?

Back 50

* Write a new state constitution
* Elect a new state government
* Repeal its secession act
* Canceled its war debts
* Ratify the 13th Amendment

Front 51

51. List new freedoms for slaves

Back 51

* Travel
* Marriage
* Education
* Own land

Front 52

52. What was the purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau?

Back 52

Assist former slaves and poor whites in the South
Provided: medical care, food, clothing, education, legal assistance and acted as a court of law in some situations

Front 53

53. How many purposes did the Black Codes they serve?

Back 53

* 3

Front 54

54. Give their 3 main purposes

Back 54

1. Denied the right to vote and serve on juries
2. Required freedmen to sign yearly contracts with plantation owners
3. Limit upward mobility of African American
Limited to only farm work
Children denied entry to schools

Front 55

55. Who were the Radical Republicans?

Back 55

Abolitionists before the war, now determined to reconstruct the nation for equality for all

Front 56

56. Who were the leaders of the Radical Republicans?

Back 56

Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner

Front 57

57. What was the 14th Amendment?

Back 57

Gave all former slaves citizenship

Front 58

58. What was the significance of the 1866 election?

Back 58

Radicals gained a 2/3 veto-proof in both house

Front 59

59. What were the Reconstruction Acts?

Back 59

Broke South into 5 districts controlled by Federal Troops

Election boards were set up by loyal supporters

Wrote states new constitutions

Required to ratify 14th Amendment

Command of the Army Act- limited Johnson’s power as commander in chief

Tenure of Office Act- barred the president from firing certain federal officers without Senate consent

Front 60

60. What event provoked the impeachment process?

Back 60

Johnson fires Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton (appointed by Lincoln and Radical Republican supporter)

Front 61

61. What did the Senate charge Johnson with?

Back 61

He brought the office of “president into contempt, ridicule and disgrace, to the great scandal of all good citizens”

Front 62

62. What was the final vote?

Back 62

36 to 25, just one vote short of the 2/3rds needed

Front 63

63. How many voting groups were there in the South?

Back 63

3

Front 64

64. What were they

Back 64

Freedmen- new to voting
Republicans- Poor Southerners who opposed Secession
Northerners- known as scalawags

Front 65

65. Why did Northerners flock to the South?

Back 65

Make money off of the South

Front 66

66. What did Southerners call them?

Back 66

Carpetbaggers

Front 67

67. What was the 15th Amendment?

Back 67

All men have the right to vote regardless of race, color or previous servitude

Front 68

68. What percentage were African-Americans?

Back 68

About ¼

Front 69

69. By what year had all Southern states been readmitted to the Union?

Back 69

1870

Front 70

70. What was Segregation?

Back 70

Separation of races in public places

Front 71

71. What happened to money that was to be used to rebuild the South?

Back 71

Fell into the hands of corrupt officials

Front 72

72. What were tenant farmers?

Back 72

Land that was divided into small plots and rented to workers who would grow the crops

Front 73

73. What is Sharecropping?

Back 73

Paying your share of the rent with the crop that you grow

Front 74

74. What is debt peonage?

Back 74

Debtors forced to work for the person they owed money to until they pay off their debt.

Front 75

75. What were some reasons Southern whites were angry?

Back 75

Former Confederates were not allowed to run for office

Government was raising taxes to pay for schools and improvements

Corrupt officials

Front 76

76. List 3 different terror groups

Back 76

White Brotherhood Nights

White Camelia

Ku Klux Klan

Front 77

77. What were some of their tactics?

Back 77

Burning schools, attacks on Freedman’s Bureau Agencies and murder in some cases

Front 78

78. What were some ways the Northerners tried to end Reconstruction?

Back 78

Sent troops to stop terror groups

Amnesty Act- granted to former Confederates and allowed them
once again to hold office

Front 79

79. What was the significance of the election of 1876?

Back 79

Grant did not run for reelection

Many states results were disputed

Hayes won the electoral college but not the popular vote

Compromise of 1877- Hayes appointed a Southerner to his cabinet

Removed federal troops

Front 80

80. What ways did African-Americans lose ground under the new government?

Back 80

Poll Taxes- required citizen to pay a tax in order to vote

Literacy Tests- tests were made difficult that almost no one could pass
-Whites were excused due to a “grandfather clause”

Front 81

81. What were the Jim Crow Laws?

Back 81

Segregation in public places

Front 82

82. Plessey v. Ferguson- Segregation was Constitutional as long as the facilities provided were equal to those of whites

Back 82

Facilities were not equal, no one really enforced law