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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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General Johnny Burgoyne
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surrenders army of 5000 men to the American troops during the Saratoga Campaign
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Benjamin Lincoln
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surrender at Charleston (Washington told him to leave)
puts down Shay's Rebellion |
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Gates
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defeated at Camden by Cornwallis
completely destroys his army |
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Nathaniel Greene
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born a Quaker, but obviously not a pacifist
Was a supply officer in Washington's army Washington selects him to pick up the pieces of Gate's army Guilford Court House- avoids a battle with Cornwallis in 1781 |
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John Paul Jones
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captain of the continental Navy
scotsmen hates English Bohamme Richard- given to him by the French Flamborough Head (1779)- captures the British, Serapist, & sails her back to a French port |
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Cornwallis
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Head of British army
October 1781- surrenders to Washington after the Battle of the Capes Second major field army that surrenders to the Americans |
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Thomas Jefferson's views
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Hates British & cities
optimistic view of man loves Yeoman farmers strict constructionist states rights Democratic French Revolution= good thing |
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Thomas Jefferson's Presidency
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cuts national debt in half
expires national bank he was an active president, but this wasn't a revolution from Adams |
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Lord Dunmore
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British
opens up recruitment for slaves and promises them freedom when their enlistment runs out |
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Molly Pitcher
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travelled alongside her husband
He has a heatstroke she picks up his gun and fights |
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George Washington
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Halts Newburgh Conspiracy (1783)
I have gone gray in your service and now Im going blind... |
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John Adams
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2nd President- 1796
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John Jay
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1st Chief Justice of the US- 1789- more of a political figure
Jay's Treaty 1794- -increased trade between US & GB by getting the ports back -Gives compensation for loyalists -Pays all debts before the American Revolution -Trade the same in peace & war -public opposed this as did Jefferson & Madison (thought ties with Britain would increase Federalist power) One of the people responsible for the Federalist Papers |
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James Madison
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After the meeting at Mt. Vernon (1795) which involved a boundary dispute between MD & VA, he wonders if this same spirit can be applied to fixing the AoC
Keeps a diary of the Constitutional Convention which is discovered 53 years after the proceedings Leader of the Jeffersonian Party One of the people responsible for the Federalist Papers Thinks we need a Bill of Rights Against National Debt & a National Bank VA resolutions- against Alien & Sedition Acts Non-intercourse Act Macon's Bill No. 2 |
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Daniel Shays
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Shay's Rebellion 1786
farm revolt, unhappy about financial situations and debt organizes a militia attempts to seize gunpowder & supplies this fails March out on Springfield Benjamin Lincoln puts this down while they are sleeping Makes people support the upcoming convention |
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Patrick Henry
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"I smell a rat"
Refuses to support the Constitutional Convention because he thinks its a coup |
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Beer
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thought convention was a coup by wealthy elites
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Alexander Hamilton
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Negative view of the people- greedy & impulsive
Government is there to fix what those impulses can cause Elitist- looking for natural elites to run the country President should be elected for life Statist- State is there to curb the power of the people & expand business & industry Stronger power to make war & tax Fear of the mob Federalist Papers National debt makes other countries have a stake in America's success wants national bank under necessary & proper clause (Article 1 Section 8) thinks French Revolution is horrible |
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Citizen Genet
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French ambassador to the US during the French Revolution
Actions endangered neutrality between Britain and France One of the few things Jefferson & Hamilton agree on Hamilton saves him from the guillotine |
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"Mad" Anthony Wayne
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After two armies were crushed by Native forces, Congress creates an entirely new army under him
3000 troops Fallen Timbers- Wayne runs across Warriors, outnumbers them & destroys this native band, burns native encampments & livestock Treaty of Greenville (1795) natives relinquish all lands given cash compensation creates cycle of dependency on Federal $$ |
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Thomas Pinckney
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Pinckney's Treaty (1795)
-made boundary lines between Spain & US -Got all of the Miss R for navigation -national hero for this XYZ Affair - one of the delegates who went to go negotiate with France (with John Marshall & Elderidge Gerry) - they left because they were offended & refused to pay Taliram to be able to negotiate |
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Aaron Burr
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He was the VP nominee for the election of 1800 & he ties with Jefferson
Hamilton hates & fears him so he sways Federalists (who still hold the majority) to vote for Jefferson Burr Conspiracy kills Hamilton in a duel flees and makes friends with James Wilkinson raises an army to seize Louisiana and create a new nation tried for treason but he is eventually acquitted by John Marshall Shows how unsettled things are in America |
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Pierre Charles L'Enfant
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Designed Washington DC
Jefferson is the first president to live there for his entire term |
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John Marshall
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4th Chief Justice- 34 years
Appointed by Adams because of the Judiciary Act of 1800 Marbury v. Madison (1803) Judicial Review McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Maryland tries to tax the national bank; Federal government superior to state government Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Gibbons run by Federal government and other line run by Ogden interfere; Fed gov has the power to regulate interstate commerce |
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Robert Livingston
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Louisiana Purchase for $15 million
Doubles US territory & they no longer have to worry about foreign interference on the Mississippi R. Thomas Jefferson worries about this because he doesn't know if he has the power to acquire new territory, but Congress reminds him that he has the right to make treaties, so it is approved |
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Thomas Pinckney
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Pinckney's Treaty (1795)
-made boundary lines between Spain & US -Got all of the Miss R for navigation -national hero for this XYZ Affair - one of the delegates who went to go negotiate with France (with John Marshall & Elderidge Gerry) - they left because they were offended & refused to pay Taliram to be able to negotiate |
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Aaron Burr
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He was the VP nominee for the election of 1800 & he ties with Jefferson
Hamilton hates & fears him so he sways Federalists (who still hold the majority) to vote for Jefferson Burr Conspiracy kills Hamilton in a duel flees and makes friends with James Wilkinson raises an army to seize Louisiana and create a new nation tried for treason but he is eventually acquitted by John Marshall Shows how unsettled things are in America |
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Pierre Charles L'Enfant
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Designed Washington DC
Jefferson is the first president to live there for his entire term |
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John Marshall
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4th Chief Justice- 34 years
Appointed by Adams because of the Judiciary Act of 1800 Marbury v. Madison (1803) Judicial Review McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Maryland tries to tax the national bank; Federal government superior to state government Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Gibbons run by Federal government and other line run by Ogden interfere; Fed gov has the power to regulate interstate commerce |
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Robert Livingston
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Louisiana Purchase for $15 million
Doubles US territory & they no longer have to worry about foreign interference on the Mississippi R. Thomas Jefferson worries about this because he doesn't know if he has the power to acquire new territory, but Congress reminds him that he has the right to make treaties, so it is approved |
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Commodore Thomas Hull
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Finishes fleet before the British for control of Lake Champlain
Battle of Plattsburg -Turns his ship at anchor -defeats British fleet -British retreat back to Canada |
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Lord Wellington
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British want him to lead a fight against Americans during the War of 1812, but US lacks center of gravity so concessions from Americans is lunacy
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Andrew Jackson
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builds up a large army for the Creek War (1814), which was marked by several massacres)
he then uses his army in Battle of New Orleans (1815) 1600 Brits killed; 71 Americans killed **takes place after Treaty of Ghent had already been signed |
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James Monroe
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Southern, Republican, everyone loves him
His Presidency marks the end of the 1st party system & coincides with the Era of Good feelings Apart of the "VA Dynasty" Monroe Doctrine (1823)- European countries colonizing land/ interfering with states in the Americas would be viewed as an act of aggression requiring US intervention British wanted this to be a joint message, but their ultimate goal was to keep Spain from colonizing so CHECK |
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John C. Calhoun
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Secretary of War under Monroe Administration
creates and expandable army for wartimes wants to create infrastructure & internal improvements, but this is a nonstarter |
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Decatur
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Second Barbary War (1816)
captures Algerians and forces them to sign a treaty this is quickly followed by Tripoli & Tunis, because after British defeat French navy, they stop paying tribute to these barbarians |
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Trafalgar
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1805
Sea battle between France, Spain & Britain Asserts the supremacy of the British Navy |
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Embargo Act
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1808
Under Jefferson Restricted American ships from engaging in foreign trade Subsequent non-intercourse acts Led to the War of 1812 between US & Britain |
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Treaty of Ghent
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1814
restored US & UK of Britain to status quo antebellum before the Battle of New Orleans in 1815 Under James Madison |
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Rush-Bagot
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1817
between United States & Britain demilitarization of Great Lakes & Lake Champlain Made relations between US & Britain better |
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Omissions in the Constitution
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No mention of citizenship
Native Americans ignored Does BOR's apply to the states? |
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1775
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April-
Battles of Lexington & Concord that began the revolutionary war Paul Revere's Ride July- Olive Branch Petition- last attempt at reconciliation King George declares the colonies are in "open rebellion" |
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1776
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British withdrawal from Bunker Hill
Pyrrhic Victory for the British July 4th- Declaration of Independence read (drafted in June, signed in August) AoC started |
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1777
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AoC implemented
Continental Army is credible & intact French openly ally with Americans after Saratoga Local Rebellion is now a world war |
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1779
(2) |
Attempted invasion of England by Spain & France
Fleet of ships & 40,000 men Hasn't been successfully done in 700 years Outbreak of scurvy halts this Flamborough Head- John Paul Jones captures the Serapist & sails it back to a French port |
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1781
(4) |
Cowpens-
-most decisive victory for the Americans -Under Morgan; crushes Tarleton -900/1100 troops lost -It was a turning point in the reconquest of South Carolina from the British. Guilford Courthouse- -British victory -Before the battle, the British appeared to have successfully reconquered Georgia and South Carolina with the aid of strong Loyalist factions, and thought that North Carolina might be within their grasp. In the wake of the battle, Greene moved into South Carolina, while Cornwallis chose to invade Virginia. These decisions allowed Greene to unravel British control of the South, while leading Cornwallis to Yorktown and surrender Battle of Yorktown/Siege of Yorktown- -last major land battle of the American Revolutionary War in North America -the surrender of Cornwallis' army prompted the British government eventually to negotiate an end to the conflict Treaty of Paris negotiations begin |
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1783
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Treaty of Paris
-Britain- shifts to India, loses empire in NA, still have Canada -Spain- Florida -France- bankruptcy -America- Independence, fishing rights off Great Banks, territory to the Mississippi, do not get Canada Newburgh Conspiracy -Potential plot to overthrow the government -Continental army had not been paid for 3 years, frustration -Congress pushing for financial reform -Alliance between unpaid army officers & members of congress (Hamilton & the two Morris) -One of Gates' aids lists grievances about Congress & ways to fix these problems; senior officers should be held in encampment -Plot halted by Washington's intervention "Gentlemen, I have gone gray in your service and now it seems I am going blind"- shows the men his sacrifice -no one knows how serious this coup was |
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1774
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Declaration of rights issued to passively resist Britain
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1785
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Meeting at Mount Vernon over boundary disputes between MD & VA; Madison wonders if this same spirit can be applied to fixing the AoC
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1786
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Shay's Rebellion
-Daniel Shay -armed uprising in central and western Massachusetts (mainly Springfield) from 1786 to 1787 -Most of Shays' compatriots were poor farmers angered by crushing debt and taxes. -Benjamin Lincoln put down this threat whilst the men were sleeping -There was a lack of an institutional response to the uprising, which energized calls to reevaluate the Articles of Confederation and gave strong impetus to the Philadelphia Convention which began in May 17, 1787 |
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1787
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Northwest Ordinance
-Only major success achieved by Congress -Model for statehood *appointed government *legislature at 5k *Statehood at 60k **slavery is outlawed for the first time |
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1789
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French Revolution
*Hamilton thinks this is horrible *Jefferson thinks it will be good in the end **Brings democracy to Europe |
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1790
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-Final ratification of the constitution; RI is the last one to do this because they were threatened with trade sanctions
-Compromise of 1790- war debts from Northern states assumed by the Federal government in exchange Southerners get the capital in their part of the country- MD & VA |
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1794
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Jay's Treaty
gets ports back & gives compensation to loyalists & pays all debts from American Revolution; trade same in peace as in war -public pissed Whiskey Rebellion -excise tax against Whiskey, Western Penn. farmers refuse to pay tax bc its only on them, Washington puts this down, Gov's authority will NOT be challenged |
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1795
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Pinckney's Treaty
boundary settled, US got all of the Miss R for navigational purposes Treaty of Greenville- natives relinquish all claims to their lands; given cash compensation, fall into a cycle of dependency |
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1796
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Washington's Farewell address
No political parties and no foreign entanglements John Adams wins election against Jefferson- VP is the second highest vote getter (Jefferson) |
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1798- 1800
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Quasi War
Battles between US & French ships, Navy Department established New Army & Provisional established (Hamilton & Washington) |
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1800
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Election of 1800-
Jefferson defeats Adams & ties with Burr Judiciary Act of 1800- Adams authority to nominate new people |
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1801
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Alien & Sedition Acts expire
Jefferson opposed them through the Kentucky Resolutions & Madison opposed the acts through the VA resolutions |
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1803
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Marbury vs Madison- judicial review
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1804
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12th amendment passed by DR's- president & VP are a package deal
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1805
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Treaty with Tripoli- no more bribes/ tax on US ships
Trafalgar- most decisive naval victory for British- asserts naval supremacy |
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1808
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Chesapeake Leopard Affair
Embargo Act- under Jefferson; subsequent non-intercourse acts; restricted American ships from engaging in foreign trade; led to the War of 1812 between US & Britain |
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1809
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Non-intercourse Acts- opens trade to everyone but Britain & French
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1810
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Macon's Bill No. 2- restart trade with whoever drops sanctions first- France
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1812
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Declaration of war- Brits agreed to drop Orders of Council but its too late
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1813-1814
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Creek War- Jackson protects New Orleans in 1815 with the misfits from the Creek War, crushes Brits after peace treaty was already signed
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1816
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Tariff of 1816- 1st protective tax- northerners support it
Second Barbary War |
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1817
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Rush Bagot- demilitarizes Lake Champlain; improves relations between GB & US
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War of 1812
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The War of 1812 was a military conflict fought between the forces of the United States of America and those of the British Empire.[nb 2] The Americans declared war in 1812 for a number of reasons, including trade restrictions, impressment of American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy, British support of American Indian tribes against American expansion, and the humiliation of American honor. Until 1814, the British Empire adopted a defensive strategy, repelling multiple American invasions of the provinces of Upper and Lower Canada. However, the Americans won control of Lake Erie in 1813, seized parts of western Ontario, and destroyed the power of Britain's Indian allies both in Canada and in the Southwest. With the defeat of Napoleon in 1814, the British adopted a more aggressive strategy, sending in large combat armies. British victory at the Battle of Bladensburg in August 1814 allowed the British to capture and burn Washington, D.C. American victories in September 1814 and January 1815 repulsed British invasions of New York and New Orleans.
The war was fought in three theatres: At sea, warships and privateers of both sides attacked each other's merchant ships. The British blockaded the Atlantic coast of the U.S. and mounted large-scale raids in the later stages of the war. Both land and sea battles were fought on the frontier, which ran along the Great Lakes and Saint Lawrence River and separated the U.S. from Upper and Lower Canada. The South and the Gulf coast saw major land battles in which the Americans destroyed Britain's Indian allies and defeated the main British invasion force at New Orleans. Both sides invaded each other's territory, but these invasions were unsuccessful or temporary. At the end of the war, both sides occupied parts of the other's territory, but these areas were restored by the Treaty of Ghent. In the U.S., battles such as the Battle of New Orleans and the earlier successful defense of Baltimore (which inspired the lyrics of the U.S. national anthem, The Star-Spangled Banner) produced a sense of euphoria over a "second war of independence" against Britain. It ushered in an "Era of Good Feelings", in which the partisan animosity that had once verged on treason practically vanished. Canada also emerged from the war with a heightened sense of national feeling and solidarity. Britain regarded the war as a sideshow to the Napoleonic Wars raging in Europe; it welcomed an era of peaceful relations and trade with the United States. |
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The American Revolution
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Military, political, and social revolution
Some aspects more radical than others Not as radical as French Revolution or Russian Revolution Military success allows the other two to occur Most conservative part of the whole conflict Doesn’t change how other wars are fought |
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Beginning of the Revolution
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April 1775: British to seize colonial powder
Paul Revere’s ride to Lexington and Concord for gunpowder and other goods Militia called up and await the British Colonial force 1/10 the size of British forces Shots exchanged British destroy supplies and go to conquer British harassed en route back to Boston Brits upset that they “picked them off from the trees” because this wasn’t done in a dignified manner |
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Colonial War Aims: American Revolution
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Maintain independence
Colonists are willing to accept political recognition But by the NEXT YEAR, independence is the goal Seize new territory Canada Colonists assume Canadians will be sympathetic to their cause Brits wouldn’t have a foothold on the continent and it would open new lands Secure fishing rights Off the Grand Banks New England- fishing is the primary source of income & revenue Return of property Colonists want property back; the land the Brits are in |
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British War Aims
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Reunite the Empire
NA is a source of wealth- largest British population overseas There are definite cultural and economic ties Cannot tolerate their authority being upsetted Protect Loyalists (1/4- 1/3 loyalists) Necessary to restore British power Come from all classes- have personal or economic ties to Britain/ they see benefits in staying with Britain Maintain power relative to France Global power & global interests Have to worry about NA, India, Caribbean, Mainland But through all this, they see their main enemy as France |
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Colonial Offensive, 1775-1776
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Force British from Boston- Siege of Boston
Massachusetts Bay- seed of power Bunker Hill Brit forces advance on the Cont. Army’s troops Israel Puttman- “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes” Colonists finally run out of ammo and Brits take the hill Pyrrhic Victory- although Brits won, they lost a lot of men and the colonists are able to reorganize- worst loss for Brits in entire war British withdrawal in spring 1776 In one year, colonists organize an army and expel the British Seize Canada Failed invasion by Montgomery and Arnold Montgomery dies Arnold tries to take Quebec, but he doesn’t have enough men The British come and Arnold retreats South to the colonies |
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British Offensive, 1776
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Emphasis on New York
Base of operations- want to isolate New England from the rest of the colonies Washington moves troops there to stop this from happening He doesn’t have enough men, they are nearly captured, but they escape City seized but colonies not appreciably weakened British do not understand that this isn’t a major concern for the Americans Colonies are willing to trade space for time Arnold slows British at Lake Champlain His fleet was destroyed in battle Right before winter, this wasn’t a common practice Washington barely escapes Counterattack at Trenton- catch Hessians by surprise since it was winter All Washington needs to do is survive and have a credible army and they can resist the British |
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British Offensive, 1777
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Three pronged offensive to converge on Albany
They incorrectly assume that if they cut off New England and take “key points”, that they can break them Burgoyne (north) and Howe (south) the two largest forces Howe instead seizes Philadelphia- where congress had been meeting (should have proceeded up the Hudson) they think this will end the entire revolution Colonists lead them on a wild goose chase around Pennsylvania General Johnny Burgoyne eventually cut off Saratoga- surrenders his army to the Americans |
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The War at the end of 1777
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Their biggest disadvantage was that they had to project their defensive over the Atlantic & then they had to worry about all the above threats
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Allied Operations in the American Revolutionary War
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French
West Indies, 1778-1780 Seize Island of Dominica from Britain Spain Gibraltar, 1779-1783 They NEVER get it back; surround it for 4 years, but it NEVER falls French and Spanish Invasion of England, 1779 There were a fleet of ships and 40,000 men (England hasn’t been successfully invaded for 700 years), outbreak of scurvy among the men & the invasion is CANCELED |
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British Southern Offensive: A.R.
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Assumptions
Loyalist support stronger in Southern colonies Closer to British bases in West Indies Easier to consolidate resources More potential for profit Capturing slaves & sell them back on the open market |
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British Operations Invasion of the South: American Revolution
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Two American armies captured or neutralized
Surrender of Charleston Benjamin Lincoln (American) was ironically already waiting for the British British surround Charleston and force Lincoln to surrender (even though Washington told him to leave) Gates defeated at Camden by Cornwallis Completely destroys Gates’ army After 6 months, two American armies had been lost Nathaniel Greene Born a Quaker, but he was kicked out because he is obviously not a pacifist Washington selected him to pick up the pieces of Gates’ armies- was the supply officer for Washington Separates army into smaller detachments- scattered along Carolina countryside (cannot keep the army fed in one piece) Reliance upon militia and guerilla forces- Thomas Sumpter (lovely stories) |
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Major Battles in the South: A.R.
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January 1781: Cowpens- most decisive victory for Americans
Morgan crushes Tarleton Out of 1100 British troops, 900 die March 1781: Guilford Court House British victory Cornwallis tries to run Nathaniel Greene down, but Greene avoids a battle with him |
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The Naval War: AR
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Continental Navy
Most major vessels lost by end of 1779 1776- battle supposed to go to VA, but instead they go to Bahamas and gets a few guns Important because British have the largest and most powerful Navy Privateering- legalized piracy Authorized attacks on British merchant vessels by American ship captains Makes British insurance rates higher John Paul Jones Captain of the Continental Navy, Scotsmen, hates the English Ranger- falls apart Bonhomme Richard- ship given to him by the French (he names it after Franklin’s Poor Richard’s Almanac) Flamborough Head (1779) Jones captures the Serapist, Brit ship; the Bonhomme Richard sinks, so Jones fixes up the Serapist and sails it back to a French port This happens 1-2 miles from the coast Major outcry among British; major moral booster once this reaches US |
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Yorktown Campaign
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Desire for Joint Operations
Washington hoped to use French naval power against the British Cornwallis moves to Virginia for resupply Washington and French forces move south They are unable to leave Yorktown Peninsula ; French navy battles the Brits in Yorktown Battle of the Capes British unable to resupply Cornwallis Irony: British actually show up BEFORE the French did October 1781: Cornwallis surrenders to Washington 2nd major field army that surrenders to the Americans |
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After Yorktown
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British focus on West Indies since they will lose North America
Gradual exhaustion of France and Spain Spain becomes weak and France runs out of resources British naval buildup-have good lines of credit Could Britain have won the war? They fought 3 countries singlehandedly, only lost colonies in NA |
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Treaty of Paris (1783)
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Long negotiating process- started in 1781
Results Britain Empire shifts towards India Lose empire in NA (doesn’t have much effect on Brit strength) Still have Canada Spain Florida France Get nothing that they hoped for; America claimed land all they way to the Mississippi and they actually try to BLOCK this Bankruptcy- leads to crisis of FRENCH REVOLUTION United States Secures most goals- INDEPENDENCE Get territory to Miss Get fishing rights off Canadian coast DON’T GET CANADA Trading relationships broken- causes SERIOUS economic problems |
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The Loyalists
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Drawn from all walks of life
From farmers to elites About 1/3 of the population were loyalists Local battles with Patriots Mostly intimidation Sometimes armed encounters with a couple hundred men Loyalist migration- no lasting effects 80k flee to Canada, West Indies, and England Fear of the rabble Democracy was defined as “rule of the mob” They thought there would be utter chaos and wanted to get out while they could Ben Franklin’s son appointed New England’s royal governor a few years before the war breaks out In prison during the way, then he migrates to England |
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Slavery during the War
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Abolition popularized in northern colonies
Not profitable there Abolition societies Formed by the Quakers in 1775; copied in other Northern states Legal restrictions Vermont, Pennsylvania & Massachusetts are the first 3 states to ban slavery Pennsylvania is at the forefront of advancing these liberties Southern attacks on slavery- too strong and profitable to get rid of Thomas Jefferson Questions the effects slavery has on slaves and on the white man who owns the slaves He had a very sloppy mind- he owns slaves and even fathered children with slave, Sally Hemmings, yet questions the practice Manumission laws are relaxed Slave owners can allow their slaves to go free Many slave owners do this (mostly when they die, slaves go free in their wills and then they migrate North |
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End of the Apprentice System
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Feudal-era method of job training
Boys from the ages of 10-12 would be apprentices to anyone from blacksmiths to cobblers Subservient relationship Apprentices submit to their masters Many apprentices question if they should have to submit to another person Sometimes peaceful; other times apprentices physically lash out This leads to them finally ONLY willing to submit themselves economically War destroys the system Submission no longer desirable System breaks down by 1800 For the same reasons, indentured servitude also disappears around the same time |
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Legal changes regarding the penal system during the A.R.
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Decline of capital and harsh punishments
Murder is only used for extremely heinous crimes Executions decline Harsher punishments also recede (mutilating, branding, whipping- all die out) Rehabilitation more common Pennsylvania first one to believe this The belief that someone can be changed and turned into a productive member of society |
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American ideas
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Power derived from the people- People are sovereign
Greco-Roman tradition (city states- Athens)- they perfected democracy thousands of years ago with the reign of Caesar Collective vs. individual good Links back to enlightenment era ideals John Locke argued that men must sacrifice some of their liberty for a responsible government- this idea carried over |
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State bills of rights
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Explicitly listed the rights that the people have
VA was 1st, other states follow their lead |
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PA State constitution
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PA eliminates upper house of legislature- unicameral, NO governor, only a single state legislature, term limits to its representatives- 1 year terms, but can only serve 3 out of every 6 years
Weak executives- some governors do not even get veto power |
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Articles of Confederation
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Started in 1776
Equal representation- each state has an equal voting share, unicameral legislature Proportional contributions based on population Congress to set Western boundaries In theory, Maryland (and all of the other colonial charters) controlled land all the way to the Pacific Implemented by 1777, not entirely ratified until 1781 Very LITTLE change in the daily running of things |
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Weakness of the Articles
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Could not force state compliance
1781- Articles of Confederation formerly ratified by all of the states Elected Congress replaced the imperial congress, but the colonies are still separated “league of friendship” between the colonies Congress can mediate state disputes, but colonies can IGNORE them at WILL No executive or judiciary Belief that executive authority reeked of monarchy- NO KING GEORGE No national court system ALL power rests in the hands of the legislature 2/3 majorities to pass laws Need UNANIMOUS vote to change the articles Government has no power to levy taxes 2-7 men per state sent to Congress, but they only had 1 vote Need unanimity within the state to vote yes Government assumes only clearly defined powers War and diplomacy, state disputes, coinage, mail (the ONLY thing they do well), Native Americans |
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Flaw in the Treaty of Paris
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ONLY had fishing rights off of Canada, no trade provision within the the treaty
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Results of the Election of 1800
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-DR's pass 12th amendment in 1804
-peaceful transfer of power |
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battle of put in bay
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1813
americans and british clash, but americans crush british so they now have control over lake eerie |
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battle of the thames
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1813
William Henry Harrison, American, unable to take Canada, Tecmuch is killed, american victory |
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Results of the War of 1812
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Federalist party ceases to exist
Expressions of nationalism Reaffirms independence "2nd war for independence" |
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The Era of Good Feeling
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1816-1824
marks the end of the first party system time of political unity & nationalism |
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Tallmedge amendment
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1815
crime to import slaves in Missouri longterm manumission (slaves freed at age 25) |
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Missouri Compromise
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brainchild of Henry Clay
maine is broken off and is a free state 12:12 missouri not allowed to discriminate against free blacks slave boundary at 36'30'' prevents sectional conflict from getting any worse precedent for balance in senate |
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John Quincy Adams
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Divisive candidate
Favored in the North The rest of the country does not favor him as a party candidate Southerners and westerners dislike him (known for being aloof and unfriendly like his father They also do not trust his policies Old Federalists |
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William Crawford
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Heir to VA dynasty?
Born in VA, but raised in Georgia Caucus chose him as their nominee Divisive Favored in the South |
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Henry Clay
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dislikes Crawford; he was a War hawk - W
So Clay decides to run himself Southern nationalist Represents Kentucky (Westerner) Participated in a number of duels American system Very strong nationalist Akin to the old federalist way Wants to pass a tariff to pay for a system of internal improvements for primarily commercial purposes Problem- his political views line up with J Q Adams- but the men are very different Adams is very studious and aloof and rude; Clay lives it up and gets crazy with the treaty of Ghent in Belgium |
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Andrew Jackson
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War hero
Slashed by a British officer when he was 14 when he refused to stand down Participated in duels Anti-bank Only candidate that everyone has heard of- everywhere receives the most popular votes and electoral votes |
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Election of 1824
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John Quincy Adams- N; aloof; bad people skills; very divisive; old federalist
William Crawford- S; heir to the VA dynasty?; caucus chose him as their fav pick Henry Clay- W; warkhawk, dislikes crawford so he decides to run himself; southern nationalist; views line up with John Q Adams Andrew Jackson- war hero; slashed by a British officer when he was 14; participated in many duels; antibank; only candidate that everyone has heard of; receives most electoral & popular votes Clay is out, Crawford gets sick So its just down to Adams & Jackson Clay dislikes Jackson because he wouldnt let him into his inner circle Clay lobbied against Jackson & becomes Adams' secretary of state (their politics are very similar) |
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John Q Adam's presidency
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Not well-suited for leadership role
Served as a senator, he was secretary of state Economy, society, and politics are all changing Policy frustrations- has a hard time doing anything American System blocked Those who are supportive of Jackson block the implementation of this system Latin American conference Simon Bolivar calls this (Panama) Adam (diplomat) wants to send a delegation Blocked again; Southerners object to sending delegates to a conference where there might be black people (Haitians), relent once conference is over Tariff of Abominations (1828)- not popular Protective tariff on New England woolen products (wool processors want this) Specific American good Several other goods are added to try and gain support Bill goes through Congress, but it is very unpopular Southerners don’t like this, because they don’t care about northern manufacturing |
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John Q Adam's presidency
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Not well-suited for leadership role
Served as a senator, he was secretary of state Economy, society, and politics are all changing Policy frustrations- has a hard time doing anything American System blocked Those who are supportive of Jackson block the implementation of this system Latin American conference Simon Bolivar calls this (Panama) Adam (diplomat) wants to send a delegation Blocked again; Southerners object to sending delegates to a conference where there might be black people (Haitians), relent once conference is over Tariff of Abominations (1828)- not popular Protective tariff on New England woolen products (wool processors want this) Specific American good Several other goods are added to try and gain support Bill goes through Congress, but it is very unpopular Southerners don’t like this, because they don’t care about northern manufacturing |
