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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Magna Carta
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- basis of government & law
-Eng. nobles forced King John to accept it in 1215 - limited King's ability to tax, guaranteed due process, and the right to a trial |
* benefitted English nobles
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Parliament
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- during the 1300's nobles evolved into a lawmaking body
- bicameral: 2 house legislature -House of Lords (nobles) -House of Commons (elected by men who owned property) |
* British government
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English Bill of Rights
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- 1685 when James II came to power he revoked New England colonies charters (ruled w/o parliament)
-1689 overthrown in Glorious Revolution" - replaced by William & Mary who signed the "Eng. Bill of Rights" which guaranteed a number of freedoms & reinstated the Magna Carta -stated the monarch could not keep a standing army in times of peace |
* William & Mary
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habeas corpus
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- reinstated in the "Eng. Bill of Rights
- nobody could be held in jail w/o being charged with a crime |
* Bill of Rights
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salutary neglect
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- the Glorious Revolution encouraged England to adopt a colonial policy that allowed its colonies local self-rule
- In return the Crown expected economic cooperation and assistance in wars against France & Spain. |
* England's expectations of its colonies
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mercantilism
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- purpose of the colonies was to increase the wealth of the mother country
- the mother country built wealth by developing its industries and exporting manufactured goods in exchange for gold & silver - encouraged monarchs to minimize imports from rivals - by selling more than it purchases the empire build wealth |
* rewards of developing colonies
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Navigation Acts
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- England believed controlling colonial commerce was the key to imperial power
- controlling trade they could collect more duties - use the monies collected to build a stronger navy and purchase guns - inacted mid 1600's - it stated only Eng. ships with Eng. sailors could trade with Eng. colonies - valuable goods such as tabacco and sugar could be shipped thru England |
* benefits to England
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Zenger
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- in 1734 Zenger's paper, NY Weekly Journal, printed articles articles critisizing the Eng. governmant
- arrested and jailed for 8 months - released |
* freedom of the press
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Glorious Revolution
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- inspired rebellions in MA, NY, and Maryland
- Maryland was made a royal colony - merged MA and Plymouth colonies into one and allowed them to chose an appointed council to the governor |
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staple crop
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- crops grown that were in steady demand for
- example tabacco and wheat from the southern colonies |
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cash crop
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- crop grown for sale
- example NC produced cattle and lumber |
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George Washington
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- Va governor sent G.W. to run the French out of Ohio Valley
- his srrender set off the Seven Year War around the globe |
* Seven Year War
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French and Indian War
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- also known as the Seven Year War
- war fought from 17754 - 1763 in which Britain and its colonies defeated the French and its allies gaining control of eastern N. America - Treaty of Paris ended the war - Mississippi River became the boundry for Britain from Sapin |
* 1754 - 1763
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Pontiac's Rebellion
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- 1763 uprising in 1763 by Indians in Great Lakes Region
- Indian's goal was to lure the French back to N. America by weakening the English |
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Proclamation of 1763
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- British King proclaimed all colonists must settle east of the Applachian Mountains
- Indians made peace in return |
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Albany Plan of Union
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- Franklin proposed in 1754 to creat one government for the 13 colonies
- failed among the colonies |
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Stamp Act 1765
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- Parliament passed a bill requiring all colonists to pay a tax on all printed material
- first time Parliament imposed a direct tax on colonies - colonist argued they had no representation in Parliament therfore Parliamnet could not levy a tax on them |
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John Adams
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- prominent MA lawyer who believed as John Locke did in people's natural rights
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Patrick Henry
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- drafted the Virginaia Resolves which was a radical document based on John Locke's ideas of natural rights.
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Sons of Liberty
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- organization of colonists formed in opposition to the Satmp Act and other British imposed laws/taxes
- Samuel Adams most prominent |
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nonimportation agreement
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- boycott encouraged among the colonists by the Stamp Act Congress.
- Stamp Act Congress was attended by 9 colonies |
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Townshend Acts
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- parliament levied a new indirect tax om commerce
- colonists refused to pay and resented that the money from the tax would go towards paying the monarchs chosen governoe in the colonies. - protests in Bosaton - custom officers seizedJohn Hancock's ship - Liberty for smuggling |
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Boston Massacre
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- Great Britain sent troops into Boston in response to the protests
- British soldiers fired into the crowd killing 5 colonists - Crispus Attucks killed |
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Committe of Correspondence
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- led by Sam Adams
- provided a network of communication, leadership, and promoted cooperation among the colonists |
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Boston Tea Party
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- 12/16/1773 protest against the British tax on tea.
- although the tea was cheaper the colonists smuggled tea to the colonies and were angered by the act which they considered an act of trickery - colonists disguised as Native Americans dumped team into the Boston Harbor |
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Intolerable Acts
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- in response to the dumping of the tea, Parliament closed the port to trade until the colonists paid for the tea and the tax on it
- also called the Coercive Acts - parliament wanted greater control over the colonies so they changed the structure of the government within the colonies |
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First Continental Congress
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- 1774 colonists were angry at Great Britain closing the port and changing the government at will in the colonies, they called for a boycott of British goods
- Patrick Henry proclaimed: "Give me liberty or give me death." |
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British model goverment
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- 3 branches
- executive power belonged to the monarch - legislative power to Parliament: - House of Lords - House of Commons - colonies had 2 house legislature: - elected assembly - council of of colonists elected by governor |
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Sugar Act 1764
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1764 new Prime Minister George Grenville proposed to raise money for G.B.'s large war by collecting duties already in effect
- created custom officers and courts to deal with collections and smugglers |
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Quartering Act 1764
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Parliament passed an unpopular law requiring colonies to provide housing and supplies to British troops
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