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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sovereignty
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“The ultimate source of authority in anypolitical system.”
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state-centered federalism
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“The view that the Constitution allowed thenational government only limited powers andthat the states could overrule national laws…”
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nation-centered federalism
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“Trade across state lines…”
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dual federalism
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This approach sees “the national and stategovernment as equal but independentpartners.”
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block grants
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“Money given to the states by Congress thatcan be used in broad areas and is not limitedto specific purposes…”
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unfunded mandates
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“Required actions imposed on lower-levelgovernments...that are not accompanied bymoney to pay for the activities beingmandated.”
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devolution
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“A term indicating the effort to give morefunctions and responsibilities to states andlocalities in the intergovernmental system.”
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police powers
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“The powers of state governments over theregulation of behavior within their borders.”
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project grants
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Grants awarded to states and localities for aspecific program or plan of action
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formula grants
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“Grants given to states and localities on thebasis of population...or other factors.”
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Civil liberties
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“Freedoms...from excessive or arbitrarygovernment interference
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civil rights |
“The principle that evidence, no matter howincriminating, cannot be used to convict someoneif it is gathered illegally.”
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clear and present test |
“The proposition...that the government has theright to punish speech if it can be shown to presenta grave and immediate danger to the country’sinterests.”
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Prior Restraint |
“The government’s blocking of a publicationbefore it can be made available to the public[consistently ruled unconstitutional].”
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libel |
“The use of print or pictures to harm someone’sreputation; it is punishable by criminal law andsubject to civil suits for damages.”
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slander |
“Injury by spoken word...it is outside FirstAmendment protection and punishable by criminallaw and civil suits.”
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Wall of Seperation |
“A reading of the establishment clause that barsonly the establishment by Congress of an officialpublic church.”
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Exclusionary Rule |
“The principle that evidence, no matter howincriminating, cannot be used to convict someoneif it is gathered illegally.”
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Affirmative Action |
“A set of procedures that attempts to correct theeffects of past discrimination against minoritygroups. It can include specific goals and quotas forhiring minority applicants.”
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Search Warrant |
“A written grant of permission to conduct a searchissued by a neutral magistrate to policeauthorities.”
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Accommodations Interpretation |
“An interpretation of the establishment clause thatrequires a complete separation of government andreligion.”
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Political Public Opinion |
“The collective preferences expressed bypeople on political issues, policies,institutions, and individuals.”
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Opinion Intensity |
“The strength of one’s opinion about anissue.”
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Opinion Saliency
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“One’s perception of the relevancy of anissue.”
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Opinion Stability
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Is tidjfo |
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Opinion Direction
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“One’s position in favor or against a particularissue. Much of the time there are variousshades of support for an issue, with no clearand precise direction of public opinion.”
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Political socialization |
“The process by which individuals acquirepolitical values and knowledge aboutpolitics.”
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Political Efficacy
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“The perception of one’s ability to have animpact on the political system.”
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Straw Polls |
“Polls that rely on an unsystematic selectionof respondents.
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Political Ideology |
“A pattern of complex political ideaspresented in an understandable structure thatinspires people to act to achieve certaingoals.”
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Civil Disobedience |
“Refusal to obey civil laws that are regardedas unjust.”
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Random Probability Sampling |
“A method by which pollsters chooseinterviewees, based on the idea that theopinions of individuals selected by chancewill be representative of the opinions of thepopulation at large.”
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