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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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French and Indian War
Chapter 6 |
-1754-1763, also known as the North American part of the Seven Years War
-Seven Years War fought not just in America, but also in Europe, the West Indies, the Philippines, Africa, and in ocean waters -Land disputes over Ohio Valley in mid-1700s -George Washington and group of militiamen start war when they fired upon a small detachment of French troops near Fort Duquesne in 1754, killed French leader of group -French troops soon appeared with reinforcements, surrounded Washington's makeshift "Fort Necessity" and forced surrender within 10 hours -Started F&I War -French put more troops in European fighting rather than the New World, allowing the British to succeed -In 1757, William Pitt put in charge of London government -Nicknamed "Organizer of Victory" -Concentrated of Quebec-Montreal areas -Helped Britain to victory in 1763 |
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George Washington (Prior to Revolutionary War)
Chapter 6 |
-1754: Sent to Ohio country as a lieutenant colonel in command of 150 Virginia militiamen
-Encountered French troops about 40 miles from Fort Duquesne and fired upon them, beginning F&I War -French troops soon appeared with reinforcements, surrounded Washington's makeshift "Fort Necessity" and forced surrender within 10 hours -Washington allowed to march troops out with full honors of war, but still humiliating -Later aiding General Braddock as his assistant -After battle outside Fort Duquesne where Braddock was killed, Washington was left in charge of remaining 300 troops, where they attempted to defend the frontier -After war, British refused to recognize any American militia commissions above the rank of "Captain" |
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General Braddock
Chapter 6 |
-60 year old officer experienced in European warfare from Virginia
-Sent with 2,000 men in 1755 to capture Fort Duquesne -Moved slowly with heavy artillery -Attacked a few miles from Fort, French troops surrounded them -Braddock mortally wounded -George Washington left in charge of remaining 300 troops |
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Albany Plan of Union
Chapter 6 |
-Proposed by Benjamin Franklin
-20+ representatives from various colonies gathered in Albany, NY to discuss a unified government for all thirteen colonies -Representatives also planned their defense related to the French and Indian War |
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George III (the "crown")
Chapter 6 |
-England emerged as the world's greatest colonial power after Seven Year's War
-Made a lot of anti-French laws in colonies -Peace of Paris |
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Salutary Neglect
Chapter 6 |
-Refers to an unofficial and long-lasting British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws
-Meant to keep the American colonies obedient to England. |
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Peace of Paris (1763)
Chapter 6 |
-1763
-Fall of Montreal pushed France to end war -By the time treaty created, French power was thrown completely off the North American continent -Great Britain emerges as the dominant power in North America |
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Pontiac's Rebellion
(Chapter 6) |
-Confederation of Native American tribes
-May, 1763 Native Americans attacked a number of British forts and settlements -Hundreds of Englishmen killed/captured -Natives EXTREMELY brutal -Biological warfare used against Natives (blankets infected with smallpox) -Ended with peace treaties in 1764 |
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Battle of Quebec
(Chapter 6) |
-1759
-William Pitt chose James Wolfe to take over Quebec -Wolfe has been officer since age 14 -Attacked a poorly guarded part of rocky eminence protecting Quebec at night -Ambushed Quebec in the early morning -French led by Marquis de Montcalm -By the end of the battle, both officers were mortally wounded, but the city was in the hands of the English |
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Roots of Revolution
(Enlightenment) Chapter 7 |
-Began in mid-late 1700s
-Emphasized reason and individualism over than tradition -Religion was not #1 |
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Roots of Revolution
(Deism) Chapter 7 |
-Belief in the existence of a supreme being, specifically of a creator who does not intervene in the universe
-Accepted the existence of a creator on the basis of reason but rejected belief in a supernatural deity who interacts with humankind |
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Roots of Revolution
(Rationalism) Chapter 7 |
-A belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response.
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Roots of Revolution
(John Locke) Chapter 7 |
-"Father of Classic Liberalism"
-Focused a lot on individualism -Believed that when humans are born, their minds are a blank slate -Knowledge is only determined by experience and sense perception Talked a lot about human consciousness |
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Roots of Revolution
(Jean-Jacques Rosseau) Chapter 7 |
-French philosopher, writer, and composer
-Influenced French Revolution -Argued that private property was conventional and the beginning of true civil society |
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Parliament
Chapter 7 |
-Passed numerous measures to enforce the mercantile system
-Navigation Laws (1650): Restricted commerce to and from the colonies to English vessels -Settlers forbidden to manufacture certain products for export, such as woolen cloth and beaver hats, in order to prevent competition with England -Restrained colonial legislatures from printing paper currency and from passing lax bankruptcy laws -Sugar Act and Stamp Act -Quartering Act -Colonists hated Parliament, and demanded representation within it, but were refused |
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Whigs
Chapter 7 |
-Rivals: The Tories
-Were in power until King George III came to power and let Tories back in -Very much against crown -Some colonists considered themselves Whigs because they were so against the crown until they donned the name Patriots |
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Sugar Act (1764)
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-First ever law passed by Parliament for the purpose of raising tax revenue in the colonies for the crown
-Increased cost of foreign sugar from the West Indies, among other things -Eventually prices lowered, but remained intact |
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Quartering Act (1765)
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-Required certain colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops
-Felt like privacy was being invaded -People responded angrily, often either contributing as little as possible to the law or ignoring it completely |
