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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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New York Sun
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1833, founded by Benjamin Day-1 cent, sensational, crime
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New York Herald
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1835, founded by James Bennett-2 cents, much larger circulation, finance/"extra"/sports
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New York Tribune
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1841, founded by Horace Greeley-1 cent, circulation becomes very large, philosophical, Clay, impassioned
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New York Times
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1851, founded by Henry Raymond-1 cent, relatively small, neutral, Book Review, nonpartisan, foreign
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Nine Elements of Journalism
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1) first obligation to truth
2)first loyalty to citizens 3)discipline of verificiation 4)maintain independence from those they cover 5)monitor power 6)forum for criticism and compromise 7) good writing makes significant interesting and relevant 8)good editing makes news comprehensive and proportional 9)personal conscience |
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Five Rules of Verification
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1) Never add anything
2) never decieve 3) be transparent--disclose conflicts & evaluate sources 4) rely on orginial reporting 5) humility |
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Theory of Interlocking Public
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disinterested,
interested, involved |
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Investigative Journalism
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involves wrongdoing
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Three Types
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originial (his own reporting),
interpretative (takes a report and analyzes) reporting on investigations (ex. Ken Starr) |
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First Amendment
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1) Establishment
2) Free Exercise 3)Free Speech 4) Free Press 5) Right to Assemble and Petition |
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Abrams v. United States
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1919-free speech/russian leaflets/upheld lower court
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Gitlow v. New York
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1925-14th Amendment extends bill of rights to states/communist leaflets still banned
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NY Times v. Sullivan
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1964-Civil Rights Advertisemnt/Lower Courts Reversed/"Actual Malice"
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Tinker v. Des Moines
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1969-black armband not disruptive/reversed lower court/"School Gates" & Freedom
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Cohen v. CA
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1971-F the Draft allowed in courtroom/reversed lower court
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Miller v. CA
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1973-obscenity/porn mailings/upheld
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Memphis Press Scimitar v. Nichols
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1978-never got to higher court/juxtaposition
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NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware
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1982-free speech/boycott/threatened other blacks
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Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
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1988-student journalism/must be specified as a forum for student expression/reversed Tinker?/reversed lower court
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RAV v. City of St. Paul
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1992-crossburning/reversed lower court/allowed
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Virgina v. Black
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2003-crossburning again allowed/too specific preventions
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