Unit 1 Road To Revolution

Front 1

Culture

Back 1

a peoples way of life, including beliefs, customs, food, dwellings and clothing

Front 2

Explore

Back 2

to traverse or range over for the purpose of discovery

Front 3

Invade

Back 3

to enter forcefully as an enemy

Front 4

Charter

Back 4

a formal document issued by the King that outlines a colony's geographic boundaries and how it should be governed

Front 5

Colony

Back 5

an area that is ruled by a foreign government

Front 6

Unrest

Back 6

disturbance; rebellion; agitation

Front 7

Patriots

Back 7

colonists who wanted to break away from England

Front 8

Loyalists

Back 8

colonists who wanted to remain a part of England

Front 9

Revolt

Back 9

to break away; to rebel against authority

Front 10

Formal Warfare

Back 10

an organized, straight-lined way of fighting

Front 11

Guerilla Warfare

Back 11

a hit-and-run technique used by small bands of fighters

Front 12

Northwest Coast Native Americans

Back 12

The Kwakiutl Tribe. Next to Pacific Ocean. Many lakes and bays. Mild, moist climate. Lots of rain. Fish, whales, otter, deer, moose & elk. Dense forests. Large wooden frame homes. People went barefoot. Wore blankets and raincoats during bad weather. Painted bodies to to protect from sunburn. Ate salmon, seals, deer, duck, birds, shellfish, berries, seaweed. Totems, masks, and painted murals.

Front 13

Great Plains Native Americans

Back 13

Vast treeless landscape. Cold winters. Hot/dry summers. The Sioux were nomadic (moved regularly) and lived in teepees. Other groups built homes out of grass or earth. Men wore breechclothes and moccasins made of animal skin. Women wore moccasins, leggings, dresses and belts, often decorated with paint, quills or elk teeth. Buffalo was main source of food along with other animals, rice, grass, roots and berries. Boys played "buffalo hunt game" that taught valuable skills.

Front 14

Plateau Native Americans

Back 14

Open, treeless plains. Cool, wet climate. The Spokane Tribe. Built pit houses during winter and pole-frame houses during the summer. Gathered roots, caught salmon and hunted antelopes/jack rabbits. Wore little clothing during summer and sewed animal-skin cloaks for winter. Enjoyed gambling, including horse racing (after introduced by Europeans). Believed that the rivers and pine forest represented life-giving gods and spirits.

Front 15

Southwest Native Americans

Back 15

Open, treeless plains, mesas. Little rain. Little vegetation. The Hopi Tribe. Lived in Pueblos made out of sub-dried earth, with pine wooden roofs. Hunted rabbits/deer. Grew corn, pumpkin and beans. Men spun yarn out of cotton and wove it into cloth. Foot races and other physical competitions were popular. Created painted pottery and woven baskets. Many rituals involved asking the gods for rain.

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Great Basin Native Americans

Back 16

Large desert region. Harsh climate with extreme heat and cold. Few rivers. Desert shrubs. Reptiles, birds, mammals. The Shoshoni Tribe. Lived in one of the most difficult areas of North America. Built wikiups (domes constructed using poles, covered in bark, hides and grass). Wore little clothing. Went barefoot. Food difficult to find. Ate sheep, rabbits, pine nuts, grasshoppers and vegetables. Liked to gamble for objects (such as nets or baskets). Rituals centered on the pines with prayers and thankfulness for trees and earth.

Front 17

Eastern Woodlands Native Americans

Back 17

The Algonquian Tribe. Lived in many types of houses, but the wigwam (dome shaped structure built from poles and covered with bark) was most common. Spent most of the year near rivers, where they grew crops. Hunted deer, small animals, fish, and birds. Meat was smoked and preserved so it would last. Warm months men wore breechcloths. Moccasins and animal-skin clothing was added in winter. Feasts celebrated special occassions.

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Southeast Native Americans

Back 18

The Seminole. Coastal plain with grasses and some mountains. Plenty of water. Wild boar, opossums, raccoons, muskrats, alligators. Lived in the land that would become Georgia and Mississippi until Europeans pushed them into Florida. Built small houses called chickees, which had a raised floor for better ventilation. Wore shredded bark and deerskin, sometimes tied with a snakeskin belt. Men played lacrosse for entertainment and religious purposes. Celebrated the Green Corn Festival, which featured hot houses, breaking pottery, lighting fires and feasting on roasted green corn.

Front 19

Proclamation 1763

Back 19

British announced that the land won during the French and Indian War would be reserved for Native Americans. They hoped that this might prevent future wars over land. Colonists who wanted to move west of the Appalachian Mountains were frustrated by this proclamation.

Front 20

The Quartering Act 1765

Back 20

This means to give soldiers a place to stay. The British were worried about the threat of attack from Native Americans so they sent soldiers to live with the colonists. This angered the colonists because they did not have a say in the law and had to provide the soldiers with fuel, candles, beer and transportation.

Front 21

The Stamp Act 1765

Back 21

The British were in debt after the French and Indian War. They felt that the colonists should help pay for some of the costs of the war. This required colonists to pay a tax on most printed materials such as newspapers, pamphlets and playing cards. This angered the colonists.

Front 22

The Boston Massacre 1770

Back 22

A group of colonists in Boston began to harass British troops, taunting them and throwing snowballs. The troops opened fire and 5 colonists died.The citizens of Boston demand that these troops be removed and put on trial for murder. The British agreed to these demands.

Front 23

Boston Tea Party

Back 23

Britain decided that the Colonists should only be allowed to buy tea from the British East Indies Company. This lowered the price of tea, but angered colonists. One group of colonists disguised themselves as Native Americans and threw 340 chests of tea in the Boston harbor.

Front 24

First Continental Congress

Back 24

Representatives from 12 of the 13 colonies met in Philadelphia to discuss their problems. The congress wrote letters to British leaders asking for more freedom within the colonies. They also called for a boycott of all trade with England. People who violated this boycott were often tarred and feathered.

Front 25

Lexington and Concord

Back 25

British leaders rejected petitions from the First Continental Congress. In April 1775, British troops planned to seize gunpowder and capture some of the Congress "rebel" leaders. This led to a fight with colonial militia and the first battle of the American Revolution.

Front 26

Bunker Hill

(Northern Campaign)

Back 26

1775, Charlestown, Massachusetts.

Patriots built a six foot high wall on Bunker Hill. British General Howe ordered his troops forward and open fire. The American's stayed silent. The order, "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes." When that moment came the Americans opened fire forcing the British to retreat. General Howe rallied the British to attack again and once again they were forced to retreat. The next time the British attacked they used bayonets and drove out the Americans. This battle was important because the British lost the most troops in this battle, it showed their was no hope for conciliation, and it showed the Americans that the British were beatable. It showed the British that the American "rebels" were a serious opponent.

Front 27

Washington Crossing the Delaware

(Middle Campaign)

Back 27

British troops landed in New York in the summer of 1776. Washington and his troops were no match for the British and were forced across New Jersey into Pennsylvania. The weather turned cold and hopes faded. Men were deserting the patriot army. Washington knew he had to do something. He gathered troops together to read Thomas Paine's pamphlet called "The Crisis", "These are the times that try men's souls." Washington revealed his plan and rallied his troops to cross the Delaware River and attack the British on the night of December 25th while they were celebrating Christmas. After a brief and confused battle the British surrendered. The battle was important because as news of the victory spread, fresh volunteers joined the army, strengthening their numbers.

Front 28

Saratoga

(Middle Campaign)

Back 28

Britain's plan during the Middle Phase of the War was to divide and conquer. In 1777 the attempted to split the colonies. British General Burgoyne led an army south from Canada to capture the Hudson River and valley and British General Howe led his troops upriver from New York City. Together they hoped to gain control of the entire river and supply route. It failed because (1) General Howe did not find out about the plan until it was too late and (2) General Burgoyne underestimated the rugged terrain of northern New York. By the time the British reached the Hudson River they were weak and outnumbered. They were easily beaten by the American's and forced to surrender. This battle was a turning point for the war and important because after the American's victory, France and Spain sent money, supplies and troops to the Americans.

Front 29

Surrender at Yorktown

(Southern Campaign)

Back 29

After failures in the North and Middle Campaigns, the British focused their efforts on the South. British General Cornwallis believed that Yorktown would be safe and secure thanks to the British navy. He also thought they could easily get supplies. He didn't know that the French were helping General Washington set a trap by sending warships and thousands of troops. Washington surrounded Yorktown by land and the French warships sealed off Chesapeake Bay. Cornwallis was cut off from the British Navy. After the week-long siege, Cornwallis surrendered.