American History Test One

Front 1

Abraham Lincoln

Back 1

Republican
Ended Slavery
Killed 5 days after Civil War

Front 2

Andrew Johnson

Back 2

Lincoln's VP, he tried to veto the Freedman's Agency and was hostile towards anything that had to do with reconstruction. He was a Democrat and a drunk. Made his own reconstruction plan that was not nice at all.

Front 3

The Freedman's Bureau

Back 3

Passed by Congress. Freedman was a term used to describe and former slave. Under staffed and under budget. All employees were from the north. Built schools for freedman. Married freedman, located lost relatives, and handed out meals.

Front 4

Democratic Party

Back 4

During the war they were pro-slavery. Post war they were anti-advancement for African Americans.

Front 5

Abolitionists

Back 5

New kind of Radical Republicans. They wanted change for African Americans. Charles Summer and Thaddeus Stevens.

Front 6

13th Amendment

Back 6

December 1865
Ended Slavery

Front 7

Presidential Plan for Reconstruction

Back 7

Created by Andrew Johnson for the 11 confederate states. In order or a state to be readmitted to the union the 40 acre parcels of land had to be returned. States had to elect new state officials. 10% of voters had to come to the county courthouse and swear on a bible their loyalty to the union. Anyone with over $20,000 in total wealth had to request a presidential pardon. Each state had to ratify the 13th Amendment.

Front 8

Black Codes

Back 8

The only positive thing black codes did was allow African Americans to marry. It was reinstating a kind of slavery. Men and Women had to be employed and singed a year contract. African Americans were not allowed to testify against white people in court. They could not congregate in groups or carry weapons.

Front 9

Vagrancy Laws

Back 9

Unemployed former slaves were arrested and taken to court. Once convicted they were forced to go to work for low pay to the same slave owner as before.

Front 10

Congressional Plan of Reconstruction

Back 10

Military occupation of the 11 states. Martial Law. South divided up into 5 military districts.
Created 14th Amendment.
Impeached Johnson
Tenure of Office Act

Front 11

14th Amendment

Back 11

Equal Protection law for all citizens. Anyone born in the US is a citizen of the US. All males were allowed to vote... vague on that part, left room for error.

Front 12

Tenure of Office Act

Back 12

Made it illegal for the President to fire or dismiss people in his cabinet.

Front 13

Seneca Falls Convention

Back 13

1838
First women's rights convention. Elizabeth Caddy Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. Talked about their right to vote. Closely aligned with the abolition movement.

Front 14

The KKK

Back 14

Formed during congressional reconstruction. All about taking republican power from the south. Hostility aimed towards African Americans and republicans.

Front 15

U.S. Grant

Back 15

President after Johnson. Most successful general during the war. Made several federal laws to get rid of the KKK. He was not a very good president due to his corrupted cabinet.

Front 16

Presidential Election of 1868

Back 16

Horatio VS Grant
Horatio wanted to end reconstruction
Grant was a war hero and wanted to continue reconstruction.

Front 17

Election of 1876

Back 17

Rutherford B. Hayes was elected.
Florida couldn't figure out their vote.

Front 18

Compromise of 1877

Back 18

Soliders would leave the south.

Front 19

15th Amendment

Back 19

The right of citizens in the US should not be denied by race, color, or previous servitude.

Front 20

Disenfranchisement

Back 20

Loss of the right to vote. Things in the law that wouldn't let African Americans or uneducated vote like: Literacy tests, Poll Tax, and the grandfather clause (if your grandfather couldn't vote, you cant vote).

Front 21

Plessey VS Ferguson

Back 21

Homer Plessey was asked to participate. He sat in white section. Defined segregation.

Front 22

Segregation

Back 22

Separate but equal. This was the law of the land until 1954 with Brown VS Board of Education.

Front 23

Booker T. Washington

Back 23

African American leader in the 1890's. He was big on getting African Americans educated, not only in general education, but also in specific trades. He started the Tuskeege Institute which was a trade school.

Front 24

The 2nd Industrial Revolution

Back 24

The rise of the heavy industry 1865-1900
Primary goods produced were textiles, iron, tobacco.

Front 25

Tredegar Iron Works

Back 25

Factory in Richmond. They made cannonballs and is now a Civil War museum and the headquarters for the Federal Park Service.

Front 26

Andrew Carnegie

Back 26

Steel Manufacturer in all of US. Came up with Vertical Integration.

Front 27

Vertical Integration

Back 27

Created by Andrew Carnegie. He managed to purchase everything he needed for the process. From raw materials like iron ore and coal to the distribution like rail roads and steam ships. He cut out the middle man so he was the only one making profit.

Front 28

Homestead Strike 1892

Back 28

Carnegie's workers were not happy so they went on strike. Carnegie called on the Pinkerton detective agency who were strike breakers (controlled workers through intimidation). There was a big battle, 60 strikers and breakers were murdered. Carnegie called in 16,000 breakers. Workers went back to work for smaller wages and no workers compensation.

Front 29

John D. Rockefeller

Back 29

Bought US steel from Carnegie. However, he was bigger in oil which he used to make kerosene.

Front 30

Opening of the West

Back 30

1865
Increased interest in migrating. Traveling through the Great Plains (No trees, Flat, Open)

Front 31

Sioux

Back 31

Nomadic Native American tribe. Followed buffalo (30-50 million on the plains). They were very good warriors who rode bareback.

Front 32

Reservation System

Back 32

Army and Bureau of Indian Affairs found every tribe and told them to move to a reservation. Promised them a bunch of stuff they didn't get.

Front 33

Transcontinental Railroad

Back 33

1869
Connected the US to the west.

Front 34

Cattle Drives

Back 34

Mostly in Texas. Rounded up wild cattle, mostly Longhorns. Cowboys would take cattle to Kansas (cow towns, filled with brothels and stuff for the cow boys).

Front 35

Election of 1896

Back 35

Republican: William McKinley- Big Business. Lazy, had people come to his house in Ohio to hear his campaign.
Democrat: William Jennings- Little man. Wanted to make it easier for the farmers. He was young and energetic. He wanted US to take silver (very abundant) and just make money.

McKinley won election

Front 36

United States as an Imperialistic Power

Back 36

By 1900 the US was #1 Manufacturing power in the world. Colonization was big. 1867 Alaska was purchased by US from Russia. US didn't want to colonize, however they felt the need to save Cuba from Spain.

Front 37

The Spanish-American War

Back 37

Spanish sent ant 75,000 soliders to Cuba to stop rebellion. in 1989 Spanish fleet in Cuba sunk in Santiago. Negotiations on peace treaty between Spain and U.S. Spanish wanted U.S. to take Philippines as a colony. So they can be paid for it. McKinley agreed to take Philippines, Cuba, and Guam “to civilize, uplift, and Christianize”

Front 38

Yellow Press

Back 38

Known for spiking the news to make it more juicy.
New York Journal- reporting on destruction of the USS Maine 1898.Call to war with Spain. No real evidence that Spanish blew up ship. Owned by William Randolph Hurst.

Front 39

Guerrilla Warfare

Back 39

The rebels would attack and then continue on in their daily lives.

Front 40

Theodore Roosevelt

Back 40

Progressive President. Was one of McKinley's cabinet members. He was in the Navy and wrote many books. Led the rough riders. Passes Sherman Anti-Trust Act, but kept the Steel industry as it was. Conserved over 150 million acres of National Parks. Made his own political party in 1912.

Front 41

Rough Riders

Back 41

all-volunteer force led and backed by Roosevelt as a Calvary unit of 150 men. Roosevelt went out west to become a cowboy after death of his wife in childbirth. San Juan hill (Kettle Hill) rough riders charged up hill. Roosevelt’s “finest hour” John Hay “What a splendid, little war”. Seen as altruistic behavior

Front 42

The Philippine War

Back 42

Kind of a war... Continued off of the Spanish American War.War breaks out between Philippine rebels and U.S. army last 4 years.100,000 Philippine casualties 4200 U.S. casualties.

Front 43

Atrocities

Back 43

executing prisoners of war Aguinaldo captured

Front 44

President Election of 1900

Back 44

McKinley invited Roosevelt to be his VP VS William Jennings Bryan.
Landslide win for McKinley

Front 45

Progressive Era

Back 45

1900-1917
Ends in 1917 because of WWI
Period of Reform. Trend to enlarge cities. 31 Million people living in the US because if Immigration. More people then jobs.

Front 46

Ellis Island

Back 46

Off the coast of NYC. Welcomes Immigrants. Newcomers had to pass a test and a physical to get into the country. People who were infected with a fatal cough, tubercles, or the crazies were not allowed in.

Front 47

Chinese Exclusion Act

Back 47

1844
Chinese not allowed in for 30-40 years.
Mostly on the west coast.

Front 48

Jane Addams

Back 48

A progressive. She owned her own settlement house which she called "Hull House" in 1877. She was the founder of Social Work. Member of rising group of 80,000 college graduated women. She taught english classes as well.

Front 49

Muckraking

Back 49

Type of journalism. Name coined by Theodore Roosevelt. They tried to expose social problems. "The Jungle" by Upton Sinclair was a novel that exposed the meat packing industry in Chicago. "The Shame of the Cities" by Lincoln Stephens was another one that talked about how gross cities were.

Front 50

Food and Drug Act/Meat Inspection Act

Back 50

F&D:
Patent drug industry (over the counter). Made companies put all chemicals on containers.

Meat:
US Gov.. sent inspectors into meat factories.

Front 51

Ida Tarbell

Back 51

"The History of the Standard Oil Company"
attacked trusts and big businesses. US needed to do something about these trust.

Front 52

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Back 52

Roosevelt was a "trust buster" using this act (that was passed years ago) broke apart trusts, restoring to competition. Excluding US steel. He that that was a benefit to the US.

Front 53

Northern Securities Company

Back 53

A trust the monopolized the Rail Road. Owned by J.P. Morgan. Roosevelt broke it up.

Front 54

Coal Strike of 1902

Back 54

Workers asking for higher wages, less hours, and safety.
Owners said no. Then Roosevelt acted on the side of the workers and told them if the owners didn't meet their demands then he would size the coal mines with the Army.

Front 55

Election of 1804

Back 55

Roosevelt made a promise he later regretted. He said he wouldn't go over this 4 year term. He basically hand picked his successor.

Front 56

Election of 1908

Back 56

William Howard Taft won the election.
He was greatly endorsed by Roosevelt.
Not really a progressive.

Front 57

Gifford Pinchot

Back 57

Chief of Forestry Service, under the Dept. of Interior.
Discovered that Dept. of Interior was letting companies come and chop down trees. Taft fired Pinchot after telling a muckraker about it. Pinchot went to Europe and got Roosevelt.

Front 58

Election of 1912

Back 58

Taft got Republican nomination. Roosevelt left republican party and made his own.

Front 59

Progressive/Bull Moose Party

Back 59

within 3 weeks of Republican convention Roosevelt started his own political party. It got the Bull Moose name when Roosevelt called him self "tough as a bull moose" One day some guy shot Roosevelt but his glasses case saved his life and made him look tough. He didn't go to the hospital until after his speech that day.