American History Test 1

Front 1

_______ victory against ____________ in _____ was the beginning of...

Back 1

English victory against the Spanish Armada in 1588 was the beginning of its control of the oceans necessary for an empire

Front 2

What were the five things that contributed to England becoming an empire?

Back 2

1. Control of the oceans

2. Strong, unified nation

3. Popular Monarch

4. Relative Religious Unity

5. National Pride

Front 3

What three things forced many to the cities and to look for fortunes elsewhere?

Back 3

1. Economic Depression

2. Enclosure Movement

3. Primogeniture

Front 4

What was the Virginia Company of London?

Back 4

A joint-stock company

Front 5

When did the Virginia Company receive its charter, and from who?

Back 5

1606, James I

Front 6

What exchange was made between Virginia Company and James?

Back 6

1. They received charter for settlement in the New World.

2. They gave a promise of gold, and passage through America to Indies

Front 7

What was Virginia Company's plan for Jamestown?

Back 7

Settle only for a few years and then liquidate for profit; not long term colonization.

Front 8

What did this Charter guarantee?

Back 8

Same rights of Englishmen.

Front 9

On May 24, 1607, how many disembarked to begin Jamestown?

Back 9

100 English Male Settlers

Front 10

Settlers died by the dozens from...

Back 10

Disease, malnutrition, and starvation

Front 11

What did the first settlers at Jamestown do?

Back 11

They looked for gold instead of hunting, farming, and fishing.

Front 12

In 1608, Virginia was...

Back 12

Saved from collapse by young Captain Jon Smith.

Front 13

What did Captain John Smith do to save Virginia?

Back 13

Established the 'if you don't work, you don't eat' law.

Front 14

What two things happened to the settlers after 'no work, no eat' was established?

Back 14

1. Colonists still died,

2. They ate dogs, cats, mice, and rats.

Front 15

Why didn't they eat humans?

Back 15

Cannibalism = Execution

Front 16

What did some of the starving colonists do besides eat all that nasty stuff?

Back 16

They raided Indian food supplies.

Front 17

By 1609, how many colonists had arrived, and after the winter of 1609-1610, how many were left?

Back 17

1. 400 colonists arrived

2. Only 60 colonists left

Front 18

What arrived in the Spring of 1610?

Back 18

A relief party with a new governor.

Front 19

What two things did this new governor do?

Back 19

1. Established harsh military regime on the colony.

2. Declared war on the Indians.

Front 20

What three things did this governor do in pursuit of war on Indians?

Back 20

1. Burned Houses

2. Confiscated Food

3. Torched cornfields

Front 21

In 1614, a peace settlement ended what?

Back 21

First Anglo-Powhatan War.

Front 22

How long did the First Anglo-Powhatan war last?

Back 22

4 years

Front 23

In 1622, Indians were ________ by ______-______ ______________ and _________

Back 23

In 1622, Indians were pressured by land-hungry Europeans and diseases.

Front 24

Second Anglo Powhatan War started and ended when?

Back 24

1622-1626

Front 25

By 1625, how many people had come to Jamestown and how many people survived?

Back 25

1. 8,000 came

2. 1,200 survived

Front 26

What happened in the Third Anglo-Powhatan War?

Back 26

1. Indians defeated, and

2. Banned from ancestral lands.

Front 27

Who felt the most ferocious effects of European contact?

Back 27

Indians along the Atlantic seabord.

Front 28

What three things describe John Rolfe?

Back 28

1. Father of tobacco industry

2. Economic savior of Virginia colony

3. Perfected growing and curing tobacco in 1612

Front 29

Where were tobacco crops first planted?

Back 29

Streets of Jamestown and between graves.

Front 30

What did tobacco crops make settlers do?

Back 30

Press further into Indian territory.

Front 31

What does tobacco do, and why does that matter?

Back 31

It ruins the soil, and that matters because it means people of Jamestown need a lot of space and (slave) labor.

Front 32

In 1619, the London Company did what?

Back 32

Authorized the house of burgesses and representative self- government.

Front 33

In 1624, what did James I do?

Back 33

He revoked the charter of bankrupt Virginia Company, making VA a royal colony.

Front 34

Which colony was the 4th, founded in 1634?

Back 34

Maryland

Front 35

Who founded Maryland?

Back 35

Lord Baltimore, and English Catholic

Front 36

What two reasons are there for founding Maryland?

Back 36

1. Reap financial profits

2. Partly to create a refuge for persecuted Catholics.

Front 37

What happened to the Catholic Land barons?

Back 37

They ended up surrounded by resentful Protestant farmers who prospered with tobacco.

Front 38

In Maryland it was only in the 1600s where...

Back 38

Slaves were imported in large numbers.

Front 39

In 1649, what law was passed where?

Back 39

Act of Toleration, Maryland

Front 40

What did the Act of Toleration do?

Back 40

Gave toleration to all Christians but decreed death penalty for anyone who denied the divinity of Jesus.

Front 41

Who did the Act of Toleration protect?

Back 41

the uneasy Catholic minority

Front 42

Carolina was created when, how?

Back 42

In 1670 when Charles II granted 8 supporters much land.

Front 43

What happened to Carolina's economy?

Back 43

It prospered

Front 44

Who did Carolina have close economic ties with?

Back 44

Sugar islands of English West Indies.

Front 45

What became the main export crop of the Carolinas?

Back 45

Rice

Front 46

What kind of slaves did the people of the Carolinas buy?

Back 46

West African slaves experienced in rice cultivation.

Front 47

What three kinds of people drifted to Carolina from Southern VA?

Back 47

1. Poverty-stricken outcasts

2. Religious dissenters

3. Squatters

Front 48

What did these new Carolinians do?

Back 48

Farmed tobacco and other crops illegally.

Front 49

What three things did Northern Carolinians have a reputation for?

Back 49

1. Being resistant to authority,

2. Hostile to religion,

3. Hospitable to pirates

Front 50

In 1712, what happened to the Carolinas?

Back 50

They were separated, and both became royal colonies.

Front 51

Which was the last of the 13 colonies?

Back 51

Georgia

Front 52

When was Georgia founded, how many years after Virginia was it founded, and how many years after PA was it founded?

Back 52

1733, 126, 52

Front 53

Why was Georgia created?

Back 53

As a buffer to protect Carolinas from Spanish in Florida and French Louisiana.

Front 54

What was another name for Georgia?

Back 54

The Charity Colony

Front 55

Georgia was launched by who for what?

Back 55

Philanthropists to create a haven for wretched souls imprisoned for debt.

Front 56

What three things did James Oglethorpe do to make Georgia a success?

Back 56

1. Repelled Spanish Attacks

2. Gave energetic leadership

3. Heavily mortgaged his own personal fortune

Front 57

What was Savannah known as?

Back 57

A melting pot

Front 58

What was Savannah's policy toward religion?

Back 58

All Christian worshipers except Catholics enjoyed religious toleration.

Front 59

In Savannah, what were missionaries known as doing?

Back 59

Working among debtors and Indians.

Front 60

Who was a famous missionary in Savannah and why was he famous?

Back 60

John Wesley, who later returned to Britain and founded the Methodist Church.

Front 61

Did Georgia grow slowly or quickly?

Back 61

Slowly

Front 62

How populous was Georgia?

Back 62

Least populous of the colonial era.

Front 63

What kind of economy was Georgia?

Back 63

Plantation economy

Front 64

What three things thwarted Georgia's economy?

Back 64

1. Unhealthful climate

2. Early restrictions on slavery

3. Spanish attacks

Front 65

What drew first settlers to Southern colonies?

Back 65

Promise of riches.

Front 66

What drew first settlers to the Northern colonies?

Back 66

Religious devotion.

Front 67

In the 1530s, which king broke with the Catholic Church?

Back 67

English King Henry VIII

Front 68

After the split with the Catholic Church, some English religious reformers became what?

Back 68

Puritans

Front 69

Who would be at church in the C of E?

Back 69

All king's subjects: "saints" had to share church with the "damned"

Front 70

Who wanted a complete break from the C of E?

Back 70

A tiny group of Puritans, known as the Separatists.

Front 71

In 1608, what happens to a famous congregation of Pilgrims?

Back 71

The most famous congregation of Pilgrims fled to Holland.

Front 72

What three things led to them considering America?

Back 72

1. Toil and poverty,

2. Dutchification

3. Desire to live as English purified Protestants

Front 73

Where did the Separatists in Holland get permission to Settle?

Back 73

Virginia

Front 74

What ship did the Separatists sail in?

Back 74

Mayflower

Front 75

How long were the Separatists at sea?

Back 75

65 days

Front 76

What happened to the Mayflower on its journey?

Back 76

Missed its destination and arrived off the NE coast of New England in 1620.

Front 77

How many people arrived in the New World on the Mayflower?

Back 77

102

Front 78

Where did the Pilgrims choose to settle?

Back 78

Plymouth Bay

Front 79

What two things are significant about them settling in Plymouth Bay?

Back 79

1. It was outside VA Company jurisdiction

2. It made them illegal squatters without authority to establish government

Front 80

What was the Mayflower Compact?

Back 80

An agreement to form a simple majority rule government

Front 81

How many people survived after the first winter, in 1620-1621?

Back 81

44 out of 102

Front 82

What two things are significant about 1621?

Back 82

1. Much better year

2. First Thanksgiving

Front 83

By 1691, how many people lived in Plymouth Bay?

Back 83

7,000

Front 84

What did Plymouth Bay do in 1691?

Back 84

Merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony

Front 85

In 1629, who secured a royal charter for where?

Back 85

In 1629, non-separatist puritans secured a royal charter as Massachusetts Bay Colony

Front 86

What did the non-separatist puritans do with that charter?

Back 86

They brought it with them to prevent revocation by the Crown.

Front 87

When did the non-Separatist Puritans leave?

Back 87

1630

Front 88

How did the non-Separatist Puritans leave?

Back 88

As a well-equipped expedition, with 11 vessels

Front 89

What about these non-Separatist Puritans is significant?

Back 89

They were affluent, educated persons

Front 90

Name five things that are significant about John Winthrop

Back 90

1. Pillar of english society

2. Successful attorney

3. Manor lord

4. First governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony

5. Governor or Deputy governor for 19 years

Front 91

How well did the Bay Colony grow?

Back 91

It rapidly became the biggest and most influential New England colony.

Front 92

What did Governor Winthrop famously declare?

Back 92

"We shall be as a city upon a hill," a beacon to humanity.

Front 93

Was the Bay Colony a democracy? Why or why not?

Back 93

No, because only "visible saints" as freemen could vote for assembly and offices.

Front 94

What was the Bay Colony's declared purpose of government?

Back 94

To apply God's laws.

Front 95

Could clergy hold office in the Bay Colony?

Back 95

No

Front 96

Quakers opposed to the Puritan clergy were punished in what three ways?

Back 96

1. Fines

2. Floggings

3. Banishment

Front 97

In an extreme case, what happened to four Quakers in the Bay Colony?

Back 97

They were hanged for their beliefs.

Front 98

What three things are significant about Roger Williams's background?

Back 98

1. He was a severe separatist from the C of E

2. Condemned the MA Bay colony and was banished

3. Made it to Rhode Island in 1636 with the help of friendly Indians

Front 99

What six things did Roger Williams do in Rhode Island?

Back 99

1. Built a Baptist Church

2. Established complete freedom of religion, even for Jews and Catholics,

3. No oaths regarding religious beliefs

4. No compulsory attendance

5. No taxes to support a state church,

6. Sheltered the abused Quakers

Front 100

Who was Anne Hutchinson?

Back 100

A woman banned to Rhode Island by the Bay Colony in 1638 for the heresy of Antinomianism

Front 101

What was another name for Rhode Island?

Back 101

"Rogue's Island"

Front 102

When was Rhode Island's charter granted?

Back 102

1644, 9 years after it was founded.

Front 103

Which English explorer was employed by the Dutch East India Company in 1609?

Back 103

Henry Hudson

Front 104

New Netherland was founded when, by whom, for what?

Back 104

1623-1624, by the Dutch West India Company, for quick-profit fur trade.

Front 105

What did the Dutch West India Company do to get Manhattan?

Back 105

They "bought" Manhattan Island from the Indians.

Front 106

What was the exchange between the Dutch West India Co. and the Indians?

Back 106

22,000 acres for trinkets.

Front 107

What two things is New Amsterdam, later NYC, known for?

Back 107

1. A company town

2. Harsh and despotic governors

Front 108

Why were the Swedes significant in New York?

Back 108

They trespassed by creating the colony of New Sweden on the Delaware River in 1638

Front 109

Who was Peter Stuyvesant?

Back 109

The Dutch man who, in 1655, captured the Swedish fort and absorbed New Sweden.

Front 110

What three things happened to New York in 1664?

Back 110

1. King Charles II granted the area to his brother, Duke of York.

2. English naval squadron forced Stuyvesant to surrender without firing a shot.

3. New Amsterdam renamed New York.

Front 111

In the mid-1600s, what religious group arose in England?

Back 111

Quakers (Religious Society of Friends)

Front 112

What four things made the Quakers significant in England?

Back 112

1. Refused to support C of E with taxes

2. Believed all were equal in the sight of God

3. Kept broad-brimmed hats on in the presence of their "betters"

4. Refused loyalty oaths and military service.

Front 113

William Penn became a quaker at how old, when?

Back 113

16 years old, in 1660

Front 114

Penn's father had what kind of occupation?

Back 114

Admiral

Front 115

How did Penn's father respond to his Quakerism?

Back 115

He flogged Penn for it.

Front 116

What did Penn do as an occupation?

Back 116

Joined the army

Front 117

What happened to William Penn in 1681?

Back 117

Received immense land (PA) in payment for royal debt owed to his deceased father.

Front 118

What was William Penn's two goals for his land in PA?

Back 118

1. Establish a safe place for Quakers under a liberal government, and

2. Make a profit

Front 119

What kind of land policy did William Penn have, and why?

Back 119

A liberal land policy, to attract immigrants.

Front 120

What two things did William Penn do to the Indians?

Back 120

1. Bought land from them,

2. Treated them fairly

Front 121

What was Pennsylvania's military defense like?

Back 121

It didn't have one.

Front 122

Did Pennsylvania have restrictions on immigration?

Back 122

No

Front 123

What attitude did Pennsylvania have towards Slavery?

Back 123

A strong dislike of it.

Front 124

What three concepts do the notes associate with Pennsylvania?

Back 124

1. Economic opportunity

2. Civil liberty

3. Religious freedom

Front 125

Within 2 years, Philadelphia had how many houses, and how many people?

Back 125

300 houses, 2,500 people.

Front 126

In 1700, how big was Pennsylvania?

Back 126

Surpassed in population and wealth only by VA and MA.

Front 127

What was it said about Pennsylvania and the Mid-Atlantic Region?

Back 127

"Thus in some ways the mid-Atlantic region was the most American part of America."